tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2124205470454518372024-02-20T19:17:28.930-06:00Annotated Herp BibliographiesTom Lotthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00201548346973561680noreply@blogger.comBlogger10125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-212420547045451837.post-57444900673777928502016-12-31T10:14:00.000-06:002016-12-31T10:21:13.798-06:00Texas populations of the Smooth Green Snake (Opheodrys/Liochlorophis vernalis)<div align="center" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">An Annotated Bibliography for the <st1:state w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Texas</st1:place></st1:state> populations of the Smooth Green Snake (<i>Opheodrys/Liochlorophis vernalis</i>)<br /><br /><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Compiled by Tom Lott [TEL] - Last updated on </span></b><!--[if supportFields]><b><span
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<em><b><span style="color: red; font-size: 8.0pt;">[These bibliographies and their annotations are an </span></b></em><strong><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 8.0pt;">on-going project</span></i></strong><em><b><span style="color: red; font-size: 8.0pt;">. I have many comments on papers that I have not yet posted but I will attempt to attend to this task as time allows. Comments proffered in the annotations are strictly my own opinions and should be taken as such. If you wish to comment or supply additional references that I have overlooked, you may contact me via E-mail. To correspond with me, I may be reached at: </span></b></em><em><b><span style="color: red; font-size: 8.0pt; font-style: normal;">tomlott[at]thornscrub[dot]com</span></b></em><em><b><span style="color: red; font-size: 8.0pt;">. Thanks for reading, Tom Lott ]<br /></span></b></em><b><span style="font-size: 8.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b><br />
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Ashton, R. E. 1976. Endangered and threatened amphibians and reptiles in the <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">United States</st1:place></st1:country-region>. <i>Soc. Stud. Amphib. Rept. Herp. Circular</i> (5): 1-65<i><span style="color: red;">.</span></i></span></b><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;"> [Recommended "protection" for this form in <st1:state w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Texas</st1:place></st1:state>. Lists "current problem," as "habitat destruction," "B. Urbanization, road building, etc." Current Protection: (as of 1976) "none," Recommendation: "E. Consideration of a species’ habitat requirements when developing land or watershed and what impact such development will have on existing populations." And "F. A species that should be monitored within the state and if current trends of land use or habitat destruction continue, one of the above criteria should be enacted." {i.e., a) total protection </span></i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">a la <i>ESA, b) total state level protection of species and its <b>required habitat</b> {emphasis mine}, and/or c) "Regulation of collection of the species via bag or possession limits, collecting season."} Interestingly, when </i>Opheodrys vernalis<i> was finally granted "protection" at the state level [not in 1977], only option "C" was considered, totally outlawing collection, but failing to address any of the habitat provisions above. – TEL] <br /></i></span><b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b><br />
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Bailey, V. 1905</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">. Biological Survey of <st1:state w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Texas</st1:place></st1:state>. <i>North Am. Fauna</i> 25: 1-222. <i><span style="color: red;">[Contains a reference to a specimen allegedly from the Panhandle community of Washburn, <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:placename w:st="on">Armstrong</st1:placename> <st1:placetype w:st="on">County</st1:placetype></st1:place>. Bailey made no reference to the ultimate disposition of this specimen and Grobman (1941) was unable to locate it for his revision of the species 36 years later. Grobman rejected this record due to his observation that, “The accepted records that are represented by reliable museum specimens and that are south of the junction of the Ohio and Mississippi Rivers are from the mountains, which is not true for any of the Texas locality records” (Grobman, 1941) - TEL]<br /> <o:p></o:p></span></i></span><br />
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Blair, W. F. 1958c</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">. Distributional patterns of vertebrates in the southwestern <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">United States</st1:place></st1:country-region> in relation to past and present environments. In <i>Zoogeography</i>, ed. C. L. Hubbs, 433-68. Washington, D. C.: AAAS Publication (51). <br /><br /><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Brown, B. C. 1950</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">. <i>An annotated check list of the reptiles and amphibians of Texas</i>. <st1:city w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Waco</st1:place></st1:city>: <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:placename w:st="on">Baylor</st1:placename> <st1:placetype w:st="on">University</st1:placetype></st1:place> Studies. <i><span style="color: red;">[In the introduction, lists </span></i><span style="color: red;">Opheodrys vernalis<i> among "doubtful species," ". . . omitted from the check list for lack of sufficient evidence of their natural occurrence in the state." Later, under the account for </i>O. aestivus<i>, he remarks: "The closely related </i>Opheodrys vernalis<i> has on various occasions been reported from <st1:state w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Texas</st1:place></st1:state>. However, Grobman [1941] has effectively proved these records invalid." Even though Brown recognizes Albert J. Kirn in his acknowledgements, no mention is made of Kirn’s alleged discovery of 2-3 specimens of </i>O. vernalis<i>, collected by Gabriel Marnoch at Helotes, in the collection of St. Mary’s University in <st1:city w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">San Antonio</st1:place></st1:city>. Ironically, Brown’s manuscript was originally submitted as an M. S. thesis to the <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:placename w:st="on">Texas</st1:placename> <st1:placename w:st="on">A&M</st1:placename> <st1:placetype w:st="on">College</st1:placetype></st1:place> under the direction of William B. Davis, who had reported a specimen of </i>O. vernalis<i> from <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:placename w:st="on">Austin</st1:placename> <st1:placename w:st="on">County</st1:placename></st1:place>, <st1:state w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Texas</st1:place></st1:state> in 1949. – TEL] </i></span><b><o:p></o:p></b></span><br />
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Conant, R. 1958</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">. <i>A field guide to reptiles and amphibians of the <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">United States</st1:place></st1:country-region> and <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Canada</st1:place></st1:country-region> east of the 100<sup>th</sup> meridian</i>. <st1:city w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Boston</st1:place></st1:city>: Houghton Mifflin Co. <br /><br /><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Conant, R. 1975</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">. <i>A field guide to the reptiles and amphibians: Eastern and central <st1:place w:st="on">North America</st1:place>. </i>2<sup>nd</sup><i> </i>edition. <st1:city w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Boston</st1:place></st1:city>: Houghton Mifflin Co. <i><span style="color: red;">[States that, though this is generally an upland snake, it occupies lowlands in southeastern <st1:state w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Texas</st1:place></st1:state> (p. 185). Cites habitat destruction as a cause of the fragmented distribution of western populations. "Members of the disjunct population in the grasslands of se. <st1:state w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Texas</st1:place></st1:state> may be light brown with an olive wash instead of green" (p. 186). The range map (#134) depicts a fairly large stippled area in se. <st1:state w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Texas</st1:place></st1:state> from <st1:place w:st="on">Matagorda Bay</st1:place> to almost the Sabine estuary, with stippled dots at the panhandle locality (<st1:place w:st="on"><st1:placename w:st="on">Armstrong</st1:placename> <st1:placetype w:st="on">County</st1:placetype></st1:place>) and in southern <st1:state w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">New Mexico</st1:place></st1:state> near <st1:city w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Las Cruces</st1:place></st1:city>. – TEL]</span></i><b><o:p></o:p></b></span><br />
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Conant, R and J. T. Collins. 1991</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">. <i>A field guide to the reptiles and amphibians: Eastern and central <st1:place w:st="on">North America</st1:place>.</i> <st1:city w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Boston</st1:place></st1:city>: Houghton Mifflin Co. <br /><br /><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Conant, R and J. T. Collins. 1998</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">. <i>A field guide to the reptiles and amphibians: Eastern and central <st1:place w:st="on">North America</st1:place>. </i>3<sup>rd</sup> edition (expanded) <st1:city w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Boston</st1:place></st1:city>: Houghton Mifflin Co. <br /><br /><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Cope, E. D. 1900</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">. The crocodilians, lizards, and snakes of <st1:place w:st="on">North America</st1:place>. <i>Annu. Rept. <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">U.S.</st1:place></st1:country-region> Natl. Mus.</i> 1898: 155-1294. <o:p></o:p></span><br />
<st1:city w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on"><b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Davenport</span></b></st1:place></st1:city><b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">, J. W. 1943</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">. <i>Field book of the snakes of Bexar County, Texas, and vicinity.</i> <st1:city w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">San Antonio</st1:place></st1:city>: <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:placename w:st="on">Witte</st1:placename> <st1:placename w:st="on">Memorial</st1:placename> <st1:placetype w:st="on">Museum</st1:placetype></st1:place><i><span style="color: red;">. ["This snake is not considered a native of this part of the country but Mr. A. J. Kirn found three pickled specimens of </span></i><span style="color: red;">O. vernalis<i> in the collection of specimens by the late Gabriel Marnoch, labeled Helotes, Texas. Several collectors report having seen this snake in the Helotes region but none have been brought into the [reptile] garden." The "<st1:place w:st="on"><st1:placename w:st="on">Reptile</st1:placename> <st1:placetype w:st="on">Garden</st1:placetype></st1:place>" was associated with the <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:placename w:st="on">Witte</st1:placename> <st1:placename w:st="on">Memorial</st1:placename> <st1:placetype w:st="on">Museum</st1:placetype></st1:place> in <st1:city w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">San Antonio</st1:place></st1:city>. – TEL]</i></span><b><o:p></o:p></b></span><br />
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<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Davis, W. B. 1949</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">. The smooth green snake in <st1:state w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Texas</st1:place></st1:state>. <i>Copeia </i>1949(3): 233<i>. <span style="color: red;">[On <st1:date day="23" month="4" w:st="on" year="1949">April 23, 1949</st1:date>, William B. Davis and a group of his students from <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:placename w:st="on">Texas</st1:placename> <st1:placename w:st="on">A&M</st1:placename> <st1:placetype w:st="on">College</st1:placetype></st1:place> stopped along a roadside about 2.5 miles west of Sealey, Austin County, Texas to examine a temporary rain pool in the open prairie. In the short grass of the highway right-of-way they discovered and collected a single specimen of </span></i><span style="color: red;">O. vernalis<i>. Davis gave few details about the snake other than it had 137 ventrals and therefore was referable to Grobman’s newly proposed western race </i>blanchardi<i> (as an important voucher specimen, it is unthinkable today that neither the collection in which the specimen was deposited [presumably the Texas Cooperative Wildlife Collection at Texas A&M, which Davis was instrumental in founding] nor its catalog number or sex were mentioned in the published note).<br /> Instead, <st1:city w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Davis</st1:place></st1:city> chose to confront Grobman’s apparent dogmatism in refusing to accept records of O. vernalis from <st1:state w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Texas</st1:place></st1:state> (as well as several other southern states) as genuine; Grobman in fact dismissed these records with the almost flip comment that they “are obviously in error.” <st1:city w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Davis</st1:place></st1:city>’ irritation is apparent when he writes, “His main points of argument are that specimens were either outside his [emphasis <st1:city w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Davis</st1:place></st1:city>’] accepted range or that the collector’s data are unreliable.” <st1:city w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Davis</st1:place></st1:city> instead proffered an analogy between the isolated <st1:state w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Texas</st1:place></st1:state> records for the frog </i>Rana areolata<i>, which his group also collected at the same location, and the disjunct nature of </i>O. vernalis<i> populations in <st1:state w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Texas</st1:place></st1:state>. “Because of this recent capture of </i>vernalis<i>, I am inclined to accept the records from Bosque, Ellis and Matagorda counties, <st1:state w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Texas</st1:place></st1:state> as authentic” (<st1:city w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Davis</st1:place></st1:city>, 1949). Unfortunately for <st1:city w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Davis</st1:place></st1:city>, Grobman was eventually shown to be correct (perhaps for the wrong reasons) about the first two of those three localities. (Davis 1949) - TEL]<br /><br /><o:p></o:p></i></span></span></div>
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Davis, W. B. 1953</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">. Another record of the smooth green snake in <st1:state w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Texas</st1:place></st1:state>. <i>Herpetologica</i> 9(2): 165<i>. <span style="color: red;">[Four years after reporting an </span></i><span style="color: red;">O. vernalis<i> from near Sealy, Austin Co., Texas (Davis 1949), the author reports on another specimen, a female, from 8 miles south of Sealy. Scale counts are given, which also place this specimen in the subspecies </i>blanchardi<i>, as would be expected. The snake was collected in a "meadow" and presented to the author. The author then devotes the remaining three paragraphs of the short four paragraph paper to refuting Grobman's (1941, 1950) claims that the Texas specimens cannot be naturally occurring. Unfortunately, Davis again refers to the Ellis County (Waxahachie) specimen, which was later shown to be a misidentification, and to the mysterious "southern Oklahoma" specimen (doubtless KU 2537, although not cited). Again the disposition of the specimen is not stated (although again, presumably TCWC) - TEL]<br /><br /><o:p></o:p></i></span></span><br />
<st1:city w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on"><b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Dixon</span></b></st1:place></st1:city><b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">, J. R. 1987.</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"> <i>Amphibians and reptiles of Texas</i>. W. L. Moody, Jr., Nat. Hist. Ser. 8. <st1:city w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">College Station</st1:place></st1:city>: <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:placename w:st="on">Texas</st1:placename> <st1:placename w:st="on">A&M</st1:placename> <st1:placetype w:st="on">University</st1:placetype></st1:place> Press.<br /><br /><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<st1:city w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on"><b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Dixon</span></b></st1:place></st1:city><b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">, J. R. 1993.</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"> Supplement to the literature for the <i>Amphibians and reptiles of <st1:state w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Texas</st1:place></st1:state></i>. 1987. <i>Smithson. Herpetol. Info. Serv</i>. 94: 1-43.<br /><br /><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<st1:city w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on"><b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Dixon</span></b></st1:place></st1:city><b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">, J. R. 2000.</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"> <i>Amphibians and reptiles of Texas</i>. 2<sup>nd</sup> Ed. W. L. Moody, Jr., Nat. Hist. Ser. 25. <st1:city w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">College Station</st1:place></st1:city>: <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:placename w:st="on">Texas</st1:placename> <st1:placename w:st="on">A&M</st1:placename> <st1:placetype w:st="on">University</st1:placetype></st1:place> Press.<b> <i><span style="color: red;">[</span></i></b><i><span style="color: red; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">As<b> </b></span></i><span style="color: red; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Liochlorophis vernalis<b><i>, </i></b><i>ssp</i> blanchardi<i>. Provides 34 literature records for this species, a county-based distribution map showing records for only four counties (Austin, Chambers, Harris, and Matagorda), and a black-and-white photo of a specimen from an unknown location by J. T. Collins. - TEL] <br /><br /><o:p></o:p></i></span></span><br />
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">_______ . 2013.</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"> <i>Amphibians and reptiles of Texas</i>. 3rd Ed. W. L. Moody, Jr., Nat. Hist. Ser. 25. College Station: Texas A&M University Press. <i><span style="color: red;">[As </span></i><b><span style="color: red;">Opheodrys</span></b><span style="color: red;"> vernalis<i>. Contains 38 citations for this taxon, a county-based distribution map with the same four counties, and a color photo of an individual from an unspecified locality by K. Wray. Discusses the fact that <b>Oldham and Smith (1991) </b>presented eight differences between this species and </i>O. aestivus<i> in proposing the genus </i>Liochlorophis<i> for it, nevertheless reverting to </i>Opheodrys<i> in the current treatment. Notes T. J. Hibbitts' extensive but unsuccessful efforts to obtain this species in SE Texas prairies. I have reviewed this book <b><a href="http://cascabel.typepad.com/cascabel/2013/06/book-review-amphibians-and-reptiles-of-texas-3rd-edition.html" target="_blank">HERE</a></b>. - TEL] <br /><br /><o:p></o:p></i></span></span><br />
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Dundee, H.A. and D.A. Rossman. 1989</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">. The <i>amphibians and reptiles of <st1:state w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Louisiana</st1:place></st1:state></i>. <st1:city w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Baton Rouge</st1:place></st1:city>: Louisiana State Univ. Press. <i><span style="color: red;">[Includes no reference to </span></i><span style="color: red;">L. vernalis<i> – TEL]</i></span><b><o:p></o:p></b></span><br />
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Flores-Villela, O. 1993</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">. Herpetofauna Mexicana. <i>Carnegie Mus. Nat. Hist. Spec. Publ</i>. (17):1-72. <br /><br /><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Garman, S. W. 1892. </span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">On <st1:state w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Texas</st1:place></st1:state> reptiles. <i>Bull. Essex Inst</i>. 24: 1-12.<br /><br /><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Garrett, J. M. and D. G. Barker. 1987</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">. <i>A field guide to the reptiles and amphibians of <st1:state w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Texas</st1:place></st1:state>.</i> <st1:city w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Austin</st1:place></st1:city>: <st1:state w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Texas</st1:place></st1:state> Monthly Press.<br /><br /><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Gehlbach, F. R., K. A. Arnold, K. Culbertson, D. J. Schmidly, C. Hubbs, and R. A. Thomas. 1975.</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"> TOES watch-list of endangered, threatened, and peripheral vertebrates of <st1:state w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Texas</st1:place></st1:state>. <st1:state w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on"><i>Tex.</i></st1:place></st1:state><i> Org. Endang. Species Publ</i>. 1: 1-12. <br /><br /><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Gloyd, H. K. 1944</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">. <st1:state w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Texas</st1:place></st1:state> snakes. <st1:state w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on"><i>Tex.</i></st1:place></st1:state><i> Geogr</i>. 8: 1-18.<br /><br /><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Grace, J. W. 1980</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">. Annotated checklist of the amphibians and reptiles <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:city w:st="on">Guadalupe Mountains National Park</st1:city>, <st1:state w:st="on">Texas</st1:state></st1:place>. Carlsbad Caverns Nat. Hist. Assn. <i><span style="color: red;">[Under "possible species": "Smooth Green Snake, </span></i><span style="color: red;">Opheodrys vernalis<i>. Skeletal remains from upper west side, sighting from <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:placename w:st="on">McKittrick</st1:placename> <st1:placetype w:st="on">Canyon</st1:placetype></st1:place>; to be expected at intermediate elevations; secretive, color blends with vegetation." – TEL] </i></span><b><o:p></o:p></b></span><br />
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Grobman, A. B. 1941</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">. A contribution to the knowledge of variation in <i>Opheodrys vernalis</i> (Harlan), with the description of a new subspecies. <i>Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich.</i> 50: 1-38. <br /><br /><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Grobman, A. B. 1950a</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">. The problem of the natural range of a species. <i>Copeia </i>1950(3): 231-32.<br /><br /><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Grobman, A. B. 1992. </span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Metamerism in the snake <i>Opheodrys vernalis</i>, with a description of a new subspecies. <i>J. Herpetol</i>. 26(2): 175-86. <br /><br /><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Grobman, A. B. 1992. </span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">On races, clines, and common names in <i>Opheodrys. Herpetol. Rev.</i> 23(1): 14-15. <br /><br /><o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Hill., W. H. 1966.</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"> Pleistocene snakes from a cave in Kendall County, Texas. Masters Thesis, Illinois State Univ. Library.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">_________. 1971.</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"> Pleistocene snakes from a cave in Kendall County, Texas. <i>Texas J. Sci.</i> 22: 209-216. </span><i><span style="color: red; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">[Apparently following <b>Holman (1966a</b>), was unable to determine any character other than size to distinguish </span></i><span style="color: red; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">O. vernalis<i> from </i>O. aestivus<i>, but see <b>Holman and Richards (1981).</b> - TEL]<o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Holman, J.A. 1966a</span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">. The Pleistocene herpetofauna of Miller's Cave, Texas. <i>Texas Jour. Sci.,</i> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">28:372-877. </span><i><span style="color: red; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">[Assigned two vertebrae from this cave to </span></i><span style="color: red; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">O. aestivus<i>, primarily on the basis of size. - TEL] <br /><br /><o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">___________1969</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">. The Pleistocene amphibians and reptiles of Texas. <i>Michigan St. Univ. Mus. Publ</i>. 4: 163-192. <i><span style="color: red;">[Summarizes records of fossil vertebrae (?) of an unknown species of </span></i><span style="color: red;">Opheodrys<i> from the Wisconsin Pleistocene deposits of Cave Without a Name (Kendall County;<b>Hill 1966</b>) and Miller's Cave (Llano County; </i></span></span><b><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.5pt;">Holman, 1966a, Patton, 1963</span></i></b><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">), the former locality being very close to Marnock's area at Helotes in Bexar County - TEL]</span></i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">______ <b>and R.L. Richards. 1981</b>. Late Pleistocene occurrence in southern Indiana of the Smooth Green Snake, <i>Opheodrys vernalis. J. Herpetol</i>. 15: 123-125. <i><span style="color: red;">[States that:"</span></i><span style="color: red;">Opheodrys vernalis<i> trunk vertebrae may be distinguished from those of </i>O. aestivus<i> on the basis of: (1) smaller size, (2) neural arch vaulted (somewhat depressed in </i>O. aestivus<i>), (3) neural spine lower, (4) neural canal ovaloid (round in </i>O. aestivus<i>), (5) paired vertebral processes all more gracile." These vertebrae were found in southern Indiana, where "there are no modern records of this snake" and in association with fossils of an extinct armadillo; a wood rat (</i>Neotoma floridana<i>), which is relictual in southern Indiana; the Rice Rat (</i>Oryzomys<i> sp.), which occurs in the southern tip of Illinois and southernmost Kentucky, indicating much warmer winters in the late Pleistocene. "It is interesting to note that an armadillo (</i>Dasypus novemcinctus<i>), a Wood Rat, a Rice Rat, and the Smooth Green Snake occur together today in a small area on the Texas Gulf Coast." - TEL]</i></span><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">______ and Winkler. 1987</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">. A mid-Pleistocene (Irvingtonian) herpetofauna from a cave in southcentral Texas. <i>Pearce-Sellads Ser</i>. (44): 1-17. <i><span style="color: red;">[Apparently cited in error by <b>Walley (2003)</b> as referring to Texas fossils of </span></i><span style="color: red;">O. vernalis<i>. The only reference to this species in this paper is to </i>O. vernalis<i> fossils from Cumberland Cave in Maryland to show that the mid-Pleistocene fauna from the Fyllan Cave resembled that from such widely separated areas as Maryland, West Virginia, and central Texas, implying that the milieu supporting it was widespread (i.e., their Table 1). - TEL]<br /><br /><o:p></o:p></i></span></span><br />
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Huang, T. T., S. R. Lewis, and B. S. Lucas III. 1975</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">. <i>Venomous snakes</i>. In <i>Dangerous Plants, Snakes, arthropods, and marine life in <st1:state w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Texas</st1:place></st1:state>.</i> 123-42. <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:city w:st="on">Washington</st1:city>, <st1:state w:st="on">D.C.</st1:state></st1:place>: <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">U.S.</st1:place></st1:country-region> Department of Health, Education, and Welfare. <br /><br /><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Logan, L. E., and C. C. Black. 1979</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">. The Quarternary vertebrate fauna of <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:placename w:st="on">Upper</st1:placename> <st1:placename w:st="on">Sloth</st1:placename> <st1:placetype w:st="on">Cave</st1:placetype></st1:place>, <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:city w:st="on">Guadalupe Mountains National Park</st1:city>, <st1:state w:st="on">Texas</st1:state></st1:place>. 141-58. <i>In</i> Genoway, H.H. and R.J. Baker (eds.), Biological Investigation in the Guadalupe Mountains National Park, Texas. <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:placename w:st="on"><i>Natl.</i></st1:placename><i> <st1:placetype w:st="on">Park</st1:placetype></i></st1:place><i> Serv. Trans. Proc. Ser</i>. 4:. <br /><br /><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Lott, T. 2015.</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"> The Verdant Enigma—Forgotten Allegations of the Smooth Green Snake (<i>Opheodrys vernalis</i>) from the Edwards Plateau of Texas. <i>SWCHR Bulletin</i> 5(1): 3-5. <i><span style="color: red;">[Revives accounts from the 1940s concerning the possible existence of specimens of this locally rare snake purportedly collected by Gabriel Marnoch at or near his home in Helotes, Texas. Assesses the extant fossil evidence that two different species of </span></i><span style="color: red;">Opheodrys <i>occurred on the Edwards Plateau during the Pleistocene and the possibility that undiscovered relict populations of this snake might possibly exist there. - TEL]</i> <b>[<a href="http://southwesternherp.com/swchr-bulletin/SWCHR-Bulletin-Vol-5-Issue-1.pdf" target="_blank">PDF</a>]</b><o:p></o:p></span></span><br />
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">_______. 2016. </span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">The Emerald Ghost: A History of the Smooth Green Snake (<i>Opheodrys vernalis</i>) in Texas <br />and Adjacent States (Serpentes: Colubridae). <i>SWCHR Bulletin</i> 6(1): 9-15<i><span style="color: red;">. [An updated summary of known specimens (vouchered and unvouchered) of this species from Texas and surrounding states. - TEL]</span></i><span style="color: red;"> <b><a href="http://cascabel.typepad.com/cascabel/2016/05/the-emerald-ghost-a-history-of-the-smooth-green-snake-opheodrys-vernalis-in-texas-and-adjacent-states.html" target="_blank">[LINK]</a></b></span><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">McClure, W. L. 1969</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">. A new record of <i>Opheodrys vernalis blanchardi</i> in <st1:state w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Texas</st1:place></st1:state>. <i>Southwest. Nat</i>. 14(1): 129. <em><span style="color: red;">[A remarkably terse little note describing the first Chambers County, Texas record of a species that had not been recorded in Texas (excluding the 1961 Werler specimens) for more than 12 years at the time. McClure described the habitat as "coastal prairie with native short grasses the dominant vegetation. Rice fields are nearby. Elevation is 7 feet above sea level." The female specimen was said to be light green in coloration and was deposited in the "collection" of a school district in the <st1:city w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Houston</st1:place></st1:city> area (<st1:place w:st="on"><st1:placetype w:st="on">Spring</st1:placetype> <st1:placename w:st="on">Branch</st1:placename> <st1:placename w:st="on">Science</st1:placename> <st1:placetype w:st="on">Center</st1:placetype></st1:place> #ZV 364) ! -- TEL] <br /> <o:p></o:p></span></em></span><br />
<em><b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-style: normal; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">McClure, W.L. 1974</span></b></em><em><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-style: normal; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">. The western green snake, </span></em><em><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Opheodrys vernalis blanchardi</span></em><em><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-style: normal; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;"> Grobman. Tex. Hwy. Dept. Environ. Brief 74-12-01:1-3</span></em><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Mecham, J. S. 1979</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">. The biogeographical relationships of the amphibians and reptiles of the <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:placename w:st="on">Guadalupe</st1:placename> <st1:placename w:st="on">Mountains</st1:placename></st1:place>. <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:placename w:st="on"><i>Nat.</i></st1:placename><i> <st1:placetype w:st="on">Park</st1:placetype></i></st1:place><i> Serv. Trans. Proc. Ser</i>. 4: 169-79. <i><span style="color: red;">["The inclusion of </span></i><span style="color: red;">Opheodrys vernalis<i> {in the herpetofauna of the Guadalupe Mountains} is based primarily on a recent sight record of the species in the McKittrick Canyon area by Mr. Tony Burgess, although a rancher some years ago gave the writer a good description of what apparently was this species in the vicinity of the ruins of Queen, New Mexico (northern Guadalupe Mountains, 6000 ft). The form is known as a sub-Recent fossil (Logan and Black 1977), and occurs nearby in the Sacramento Mountains." - TEL]</i></span><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<st1:place w:st="on"><b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Oldham</span></b></st1:place><b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">, J. C., and H. M. Smith. 1991</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">. The generic status of the smooth green snake <i>Opheodrys vernalis. Bull. Md. Herpetol. Soc</i>. 27(4): 201-15<i><span style="color: red;">. [Provides eight anatomical and physiological differences between </span></i><span style="color: red;">O. vernalis<i> and </i>O. aestivus<i> in erecting the genus </i>Liochlorophis <i>for the former. - TEL]</i></span><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Owen, J. G. 1989. </span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Patterns of herpetofaunal species richness: Relation to temperature, precipitation, and variance in elevation<i>. J. Biogeogr</i>. 16: 141-50. <br /><br /><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Owen, J. G., and J. R. Dixon. 1989. </span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">An ecogeographic analysis of the herpetofauna of <st1:state w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Texas</st1:place></st1:state>. <i>Southwest. Nat.</i> 34(2): 165-80. <br /><br /><o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Patton, T. H. 1963</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">. fossil vertebrates from Miller's Cave, Llano County, Texas. <i>Bull. Texas Mem. Mus</i>., 7:1-41. </span><i><span style="color: red; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">[Mentions but does not discuss fossils of "</span></i><span style="color: red; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Opheodrys<i> sp." from this cave. - TEL]</i></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Raun, G. G. 1965b</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">. A guide to <st1:state w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Texas</st1:place></st1:state> snakes. <st1:state w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on"><i>Tex.</i></st1:place></st1:state><i> Mem. Mus. Notes</i> 9. <i><span style="color: red;">["It seems much out of habitat in <st1:state w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Texas</st1:place></st1:state>. . . . <st1:state w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Texas</st1:place></st1:state> distribution: Area 2 (reported from Ellis, Bosque, Austin, and Matagorda counties), rare, isolated populations. Remarks: could easily be confused with the green phase of the racer. Additional records of this snake in <st1:state w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Texas</st1:place></st1:state> are much to be desired." It should be pointed out, though, that specimens of </span></i><span style="color: red;">Coluber constrictor<i> of a size comparable to that of </i>O. vernalis<i> would typically still retain the blotched juvenile pattern on a non-green (or non-brown) ground coloration. – TEL]</i></span><b><o:p></o:p></b></span><br />
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Radaj, R. H. 1981</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">. Life history notes. <i>Opheodrys v. vernalis</i> (Smooth Green Snake). Reproduction. <i>Herpetol. Rev</i>. 12(3): 80. <i><span style="color: red;">[Not on <st1:state w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Texas</st1:place></st1:state> specimens, but cited by Tennant (1984) to show that brown-colored specimens are occasionally found in clutches throughout the range of the species. – TEL] <br /><br /><o:p></o:p></span></i></span><br />
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">Shofner, R.M. 2011</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">. Smooth Green Snakes (<i>Liochlorophis vernalis</i>) in Kansas: A History and Rediscovery. <i>Jour. Kan. Herpetology</i> 40: 8-9</span><b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b><br />
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Smith, H. M., and H. K. Buechner. 1947</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">. The influence of the Balcones Escarpment on the distribution of amphibians and reptiles in <st1:state w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Texas</st1:place></st1:state>. <i>Bull. Chi. Acad. Sci</i>. 8(1): 1-16. <br /><br /><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Smith, H.M. and A.B. Leonard. 1934</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">. Distributional records of reptiles and amphibians in <st1:state w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Oklahoma</st1:place></st1:state>. <i>American <st1:place w:st="on">Midland</st1:place> Naturalist </i>15(2): 190-196. <i><span style="color: red;">[Apparently the first record of this species in OK, but the record is remarkably unhelpful, intimating only that the specimen is from "southern Oklahoma" and that it resides in the University of Kansas Collection (no specimen number(!) nor collector is given). Thanks to Shane Lowe for this reference -- TEL] </span></i><a href="http://www.cnah.org/Travis/3279.pdf" target="_blank">[<b>PDF</b>]</a><br /><br /><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Stebbins, R. C. 1966</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">. <i>A field guide to western reptiles and amphibians</i>. <st1:city w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Boston</st1:place></st1:city>: Houghton Mifflin Co.<br /><br /><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Tanner, W.W. 1985</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">. Snakes of western <st1:state w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Chihuahua</st1:place></st1:state>. <i>Great Basin Nat</i>. 45: 615-676. <br /><br /><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Tennant, A. 1984</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">. <i>The snakes of Texas</i>. <st1:city w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Austin</st1:place></st1:city>: <st1:state w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Texas</st1:place></st1:state> Monthly Press<i><span style="color: red;">. [Under "abundance," . . . in <st1:state w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Texas</st1:place></st1:state> </span></i><span style="color: red;">O. v. blanchardi<i> is known from fewer than 10 specimens. All were collected on the coastal plain of Austin, Chambers, Harris and Matagorda counties, where the snakes have now been almost extirpated, according to Conant (1975), "because of the destruction of [their moist, shortgrass] habitats by agriculture and other human activities." States that <st1:state w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Texas</st1:place></st1:state> specimens have ranged from >10" to slightly >15" in length. Habitat: ". . . the Gulf coastal plains relic </i>O. v. blanchardi<i> occupy a mesic prairie community covered with native short grasses similar to the moist, meadowland macrohabitat preferred everywhere in this animal’s range." Behavior: "Most </i>O. v. blanchardi<i> have been found in Texas only after the high water of a severe storm or hurricane has covered wide areas of low-lying coastal plain, however, forcing these big-eyed little reptiles from the security of the burrows and thick vegetation in which they ordinarily hide: near Angleton two smooth greens {apparently Werler’s 1961 specimens} were seen crawling over clumps of grass on one of the few sections of land not covered by local floodwaters, while in Matagorda County another was discovered taking refuge on a slightly elevated road running through a grassy prairie that had just been inundated by heavy rain." Suggests, referring to Radaj (1981) on a clutch from the northern portion of the range, that an olive-brown color phase of this species is "apparently particularly likely to occur among the <st1:state w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Texas</st1:place></st1:state> population." The county map for Texas shows dots (designating literature records or museum specimens) for Austin, Chambers, and Matagorda counties, while Hartley and Harris counties sport X’s, indicating "confirmed observational record," even though Worthington’s (1973) Harris County record had been published eleven years earlier. – TEL]</i></span><b><o:p></o:p></b></span><br />
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Tennant, A. 1985</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">. <i>A field guide to <st1:state w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Texas</st1:place></st1:state> snakes</i>. <st1:city w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Austin</st1:place></st1:city>: <st1:state w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Texas</st1:place></st1:state> Monthly Press. <br /><br /><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Tennant, A. 1998</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">. <i>A field guide to <st1:state w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Texas</st1:place></st1:state> snakes</i>. 2<sup>nd</sup> edition. <st1:city w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Houston</st1:place></st1:city>: Gulf Publishing. <br /><br /><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Tiller, W. K., ed. 1960</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">. <st1:state w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on"><i>Texas</i></st1:place></st1:state><i> Herpetological Society News Letter</i> (November, 1960, spirit copy.), p. 1-5. <i><span style="color: red;">[Includes the tabulation of field collection results from the spring field meeting of the society at the Traylor Ranch, near Point Comfort, <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:city w:st="on">Calhoun County</st1:city>, <st1:state w:st="on">Texas</st1:state></st1:place> on April 30—<st1:date day="1" month="5" w:st="on" year="1960">May 1, 1960</st1:date>. A total of 328 specimens representing 43 species of herps were collected in an area not distant from other </span></i><span style="color: red;">Opheodrys vernalis<i> records (and in similar habitat). Although no </i>O. vernalis<i> were collected, the 129 member group did manage to find a single specimen of another similarly rare coastal species, </i>Cemophora coccinea<i>. – TEL] </i></span><b><o:p></o:p></b></span><br />
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Trauth, S.E., H.W. Robison, and M.V. Plummer. 2004</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">. <i>The amphibians and reptiles of <st1:state w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Arkansas</st1:place></st1:state>.</i> <st1:city w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Fayetteville</st1:place></st1:city>: <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:placetype w:st="on">Univ.</st1:placetype> of <st1:placename w:st="on">Arkansas</st1:placename></st1:place> Press. <i><span style="color: red;">[Under "Amphibian and Reptile Species Erroneously Reported from <st1:state w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Arkansas</st1:place></st1:state>," state that "The distributional limits of several species in neighboring states may actually extend into <st1:state w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Arkansas</st1:place></st1:state>, but <st1:state w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Arkansas</st1:place></st1:state> specimens have not been unequivocally verified. . . . </span></i><span style="color: red;">Liopeltis vernalis<i> . . . (Dellinger and Black, 1938)." – TEL]</i></span><b><o:p></o:p></b></span><br />
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Van Devender, T.R. and C.H. Lowe, Jr. 1977</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">. Amphibians and reptiles of <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:city w:st="on">Yepomara</st1:city>, <st1:state w:st="on">Chihuahua</st1:state>, <st1:country-region w:st="on">Mexico</st1:country-region></st1:place>. <i>J. Herpetol</i>. 11:41-50. <i><span style="color: red;">["</span></i><span style="color: red;">Opheodrys vernalis blanchardi<i> Grobman (Western green snake). Locality: 2.6 km <st1:place w:st="on">N Pedernales</st1:place> or 38.4 km SE Guerrero on <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Mexico</st1:place></st1:country-region> 16, 2185 m (UAZ 34416). A single specimen of </i>O. vernalis<i> was collected in plains grassland on the continental divide. This is the first record for the state of <st1:state w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Chihuahua</st1:place></st1:state>, and for <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Mexico</st1:place></st1:country-region>. The nearest </i>O. vernalis<i> population known is in the Sacramento Mountains of New Mexico, northeast of El Paso, Texas, some 480 km to the northeast (MALB 769-770: NW Ruidoso). The disjunct populations of </i>O. vernalis<i> in <st1:state w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Chihuahua</st1:place></st1:state> and <st1:state w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">New Mexico</st1:place></st1:state> suggest that these may be relicts of the <st1:place w:st="on">Wisconsin</st1:place> glacial period when conditions were cooler and/or moister, and mesic vegetation more continuous between the <st1:place w:st="on">Rocky Mountains</st1:place> and the Sierre Madre Occidental. This record of dispersal is especially interesting because </i>O. vernalis<i> is a terrestrial, non-riparian species." – TEL]</i></span><b><o:p></o:p></b></span><br />
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<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Vermersch, T.G. and R.E. Kuntz. 1986</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">. <i>Snakes of South <st1:place w:st="on">Central Texas</st1:place></i>. Eakin Press, <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:city w:st="on">Austin</st1:city>, <st1:state w:st="on">Texas</st1:state></st1:place>.<br />
<i><span style="color: red;">[Although the authors acknowledge that two species of </span></i><span style="color: red;">Opheodrys<i> occur in Texas, they exclude </i>O. vernalis<i> from their work, contending that it does not occur in the south-central area covered in their book. Consequently, even though there is a great deal of historical information in the introduction, there is no reference to the putative Marnoch specimens (allegedly from Helotes, Bexar County) discovered by A.J. Kirn in a natural history collection at St. Mary's University in San Antonio. Vermersch (per. comm.) stated that much of Marnoch's material was actually collected at sites other than those surrounding his Helotes residence and that, if the </i>O. vernalis<i> records were valid at all, they might have come from a site on the Guadalupe River, some 22 miles north of Helotes. - TEL]<br /><br /><o:p></o:p></i></span></span></div>
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Walley, H. D. 2003</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">. <i>Liochlorophis, L. vernalis. Cat. Am. Amphib. Rept</i>. 776.1-776.13. <i><span style="color: red;">[An important update on the literature of this species, although it contains little new information concerning the status of <st1:state w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Texas</st1:place></st1:state> populations except for "A.B. Grobman (per. comm..) suggested that the <st1:state w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Texas</st1:place></st1:state> isolates were established via human agency . . .," indicating that Grobman still adheres to his original opinion. Provides a range map showing the four vouchered localities in <st1:state w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Texas</st1:place></st1:state> connected by a narrow shaded band, and an unspecified fossil record from central <st1:state w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Texas</st1:place></st1:state> (but not the <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:placename w:st="on">Guadalupe</st1:placename> <st1:placename w:st="on">Mountains</st1:placename></st1:place>). Also cites evidence provided in an abstract by Chiszar </span></i><span style="color: red; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">et al<i> (1996) that Grobman’s subspecies of this taxon may, in fact, be valid rather than clinal extremes as has been previously suggested. – TEL]</i></span><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Ward, R., E. G. Zimmerman, and T. L. King. 1990</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">. Multivariate analyses of terrestrial reptile distribution in <st1:state w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Texas</st1:place></st1:state>: An alternate view. <i>Southwest Nat</i> 35(4): 441-45.<br /><br /><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Webb, R.G. 1970</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">. <i>Reptiles of <st1:state w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Oklahoma</st1:place></st1:state></i>. Stovall Mus. Publ., <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:city w:st="on">Norman</st1:city>, <st1:state w:st="on">Oklahoma</st1:state></st1:place>. <i><span style="color: red;">[Under the heading "Unverified, Problematical, and Probable Species," states that, "Aside from KU 2357 [a specimen from ‘<st1:place w:st="on">Southern Oklahoma</st1:place>,’ described as a single ‘soft, dark colored male having 129 ventrals’ in the collection of the <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:placetype w:st="on">University</st1:placetype> of <st1:placename w:st="on">Kansas</st1:placename></st1:place>], no other smooth green snakes have been discovered in <st1:state w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Oklahoma</st1:place></st1:state>." – TEL]</span></i><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"> <b>Werler, J. E., ed. 1962</b>. <st1:state w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on"><i>Texas</i></st1:place></st1:state><i> Herpetological Society News Letter</i> (March, 1962, mimeo.), p. 1-13<i><span style="color: red;">. [Under "news and notes," page 4, Werler describes finding large concentrations of snakes on high ground near <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:city w:st="on">Angleton</st1:city>, <st1:state w:st="on">TX</st1:state></st1:place>, as a result of flooding associated with Hurricane Carla the previous fall. Among them were three (?) </span></i><span style="color: red;">Opheodrys vernalis<i>. – TEL]<br /><br /><o:p></o:p></i></span></span><br />
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<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">Werler, J.E. and J.R. Dixon. 2000. </span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">Texas Snakes. Identification, distribution, and natural history. Austin: University of Texas Press. <i><span style="color: red;">[In their magnum opus on the snakes of Texas, Werler and Dixon (2000) added very little information to that contained in the newsletter 38 years earlier:<o:p></o:p></span></i></span></div>
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</span></i><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 8.0pt;">"Most smooth green snakes found in Texas were discovered during late April and early June, usually following rain showers. An opportune time to find these elusive snakes is immediately after a hurricane or severe storm, when the rising waters have inundated the low-lying coastal prairies, forcing many of the local terrestrial snakes from their hiding places. It was after such a hurricane that two smooth green snakes were discovered near Angleton, crawling over clumps of grass on one of the few available spits of high ground." (Werler and Dixon 2000).</span></i><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;"> <o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">Unexplained is how the number of snakes taken changed from three in the original newsletter report into two in the subsequent account. Regardless, given the stature of John Werler, plus the fact that I personally saw one of the preserved specimens, I accept this sketchy evidence as valid, especially so considering how few Texas records exist. - TEL]</span></i><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Worthington, R. D. 1973</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">. Remarks on the distribution of the smooth green snake, <i>Opheodrys vernalis blanchardi</i> Grobman, in <st1:state w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Texas</st1:place></st1:state>. <i>Southwest Nat</i>. 18(3): 344-46. <br /><br /><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Wright, A. H., and A. A. Wright. 1952</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">. List of the snakes of the <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">United States</st1:place></st1:country-region> and <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Canada</st1:place></st1:country-region> by states and provinces. <i>Am. Midl. Nat</i>. 48(3): 574-603. <br /><br /><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Wright, A. H., and A. A. Wright. 1957. </span></b><i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Handbook of snakes of the <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">United States</st1:place></st1:country-region> and <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Canada</st1:place></st1:country-region>.</span></i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"> <st1:city w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Ithaca</st1:place></st1:city>, N. Y.: Comstock Publishing Co<i><span style="color: red;">. ["The very puzzling records from <st1:state w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Texas</st1:place></st1:state> have been generally discredited. Strecker (<st1:state w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Tex.</st1:place></st1:state>, 1915) summarized thus: ‘The smooth-scaled green snake has been reported from only two widely separated localities, i.e., Washburn, <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:placename w:st="on">Armstrong</st1:placename> <st1:placetype w:st="on">County</st1:placetype></st1:place> (Bailey), and Deming’s Bridge, <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:placename w:st="on">Matagorda</st1:placename> <st1:placetype w:st="on">County</st1:placetype></st1:place> (Garman).’ Recently <st1:city w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Davis</st1:place></st1:city> has given a different aspect to this question: ‘the status of </span></i><span style="color: red;">Opheodrys vernalis<i> in <st1:state w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Texas</st1:place></st1:state> is again brought to attention by the capture of a male specimen 2 1/2 miles west of Sealey, <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:placename w:st="on">Austin</st1:placename> <st1:placename w:st="on">County</st1:placename></st1:place>, on <st1:date day="23" month="4" w:st="on" year="1949">Apr. 23, 1949</st1:date>. . . . Because of this recent capture of </i>vernalis<i>, I am inclined to accept the records from Basque [</i>sic, error is in the Wrights’ transcription as <st1:city w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Davis</st1:place></st1:city>’ note has the correct spelling, <b>Bosque</b><i>], Ellis and Matagorda counties as authentic.’" "Letter from Kirn, <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:city w:st="on">Somerset</st1:city>, <st1:state w:st="on">Tex.</st1:state></st1:place>, <st1:date day="6" month="5" w:st="on" year="1946">May 6, 1946</st1:date>: ‘Did I ever tell you that there are two smooth-scaled snakes, </i>Opheodrys v. blanchardi <i>(?) in the collection at St. Mary’s Univ., San Antonio? They are from the Marnock collection, and the jar is labeled "Green snakes, Helotes." There is no label on the specimens.’" – TEL] </i></span><b><o:p></o:p></b></span><br />
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<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Yarrow, H. C. 1883.</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"> Checklist of North American Reptilia and Batrachia with catalogue of specimens in the U.S. National Museum. <i>Bull. <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">U.S.</st1:place></st1:country-region> Natl. Mus</i>. 24: 1-249. <i><span style="color: red;">[Included a listing of a female specimen from "Owassee," Texas (now USNM 1489), which does not appear to be a valid locality in the state. Consequently, this specimen, although it is truly an </span></i><span style="color: red;">O. vernalis<i>, likely does not represent an early record for the state. - TEL]<br /><br /><o:p></o:p></i></span></span>Tom Lotthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00201548346973561680noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-212420547045451837.post-43138681812758500212016-01-24T18:36:00.000-06:002016-12-31T10:35:22.170-06:00Baird's Rat Snake (Pantherophis bairdi)<div align="center" style="text-align: center;">
<strong><span style="font-size: 16.0pt;">An Annotated Bibliography of Baird's Rat Snake</span></strong><b><span style="font-size: 16.0pt;"><br />
<strong>(</strong><em>Pantherophis bairdi</em><strong>)<o:p></o:p></strong></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">Compiled by Tom Lott [TEL] - Last updated: </span><!--[if supportFields]><span
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<em><b><span style="color: red; font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt;">[These bibliographies and their annotations are an </span></b></em><strong><i><span style="color: red; font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt;">on-going project</span></i></strong><em><b><span style="color: red; font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt;">. I have many comments on papers that I have not yet posted but I will attempt to attend to this task as time allows. Comments proffered in the annotations are strictly my own opinions and should be taken as such. If you wish to comment or supply additional references that I have overlooked, you may contact me via E-mail. To correspond with me, Email me at tomlott[at]thornscrub[dot]com. Thanks for reading, Tom Lott ]</span></b></em><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt;"><u1:p><o:p></o:p></u1:p></span><br />
<em><b><span style="color: red; font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt;"><br /></span></b></em> <b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Axtell, R. W. 1959b</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">. Amphibians and reptiles of the Black Gap Wildlife Management Area, Brewster County, Texas. <i>Southwest. Nat</i>. 4(2): 88-109</span><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">. [This species was </span></i><b><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">not</span></b><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;"> found by Axtell's group of 14 graduate students in geology and zoology who spent five weeks in the area during June and July of 1951 at the beginning of the notorious 1950-1956 drought. Doubtless the drought may have had something to do with this as a number of other species with similar requirements were found there - TEL]<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></i><br />
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span></b> <b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Boulenger, E.G. 1894a</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">. <i>Catalogue of the snakes in the British Museum</i>, vol. 2. <st1:city><st1:place>London</st1:place></st1:city>: Taylor and Francis. </span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span></b> <b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Boundy, J. 1997.</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"> Maximum lengths of North American Snakes. <i>Bull. <st1:city><st1:place>Chicago</st1:place></st1:city> Herpetol. Soc</i>. 29(6): 109-122. </span><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">[Cites the maximum length for the species as 1575 mm (62.0 in., </span></i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">fide<i> <b>Brecke </b></i><b>et al<i>. 1976</i></b><i>, from Val Verde Co., Texas) - TEL]</i></span><i><span style="color: red; font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></i><br />
<strong><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Bowler, J.K. 1977</span></strong><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">. Longevity of reptiles and amphibians in North American collections as of 1 November, 1975. Herp. Circular/Soc. Stud. Amph. Rept., Lawrence: 1-32. </span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span></b> <b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Brecke, B.J., J.B. Murphy, and W. Seifert. 1976</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">. An inventory of reproduction and social behavior in captive Baird’s ratsnakes <i>Elaphe obsoleta bairdi</i> (Yarrow). <i>Herpetologica</i> 32(4):389-95.</span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><u1:p></u1:p><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<strong><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Brown, A.E. 1903</span></strong><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">. Texas reptiles and their faunal relations. <em>Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia</em> 53: 543-558. </span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Brown, B. C. 1950</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">. <i>An annotated check list of the reptiles and amphibians of Texas</i>. <st1:city><st1:place>Waco</st1:place></st1:city>: <st1:place><st1:placename>Baylor</st1:placename> <st1:placetype>University</st1:placetype></st1:place> Studies. </span><em><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">[Lists only 9 localities in four counties: Bandera (2), Brewster (3), Jeff Davis (3), and Kerr (1). "The rarest Texan </span></em><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">Elaphe<em> has a much broader distribution than has been supposed, but enough specimens are not extant at this time to provide a clear definition of its range. The relationship of </em>Elaphe bairdi<em> with the other members of the genus and its natural history needs examination." - TEL]</em></span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<strong><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Burbrink, F. T. 2001.</span></strong><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"> Systematics of the eastern ratsnake complex (<em>Elaphe obsoleta</em>). <em>Herpetological Monographs</em> 15: 1-53. </span><em><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">[Regardless of one's opinion of the taxonomic conclusions of this paper and its predecessor (<b>Burbrink, et al. 2000</b>), it is a treasure trove of morphological data that has been run through univariate and multivariate analyses. In fact, this work, examining 67 morphological characters in 1006 specimens, does a much better job of reinforcing the distinctions between Burbrink's purported western clade (</span></em><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">E. obsoleta<em>) and </em>E. bairdi<em> than it does in differentiating between his proposed three new species carved out of the complex. - TEL]</em></span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<strong><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">____________, Lawson, R., and J.B. Slowinski. 2000</span></strong><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">. Mitochondrial DNA phylogeography of the North American rat snake (<em>Elaphe obsoleta</em>): a critique of the subspecies concept. <em>Evolution</em> 54: 2107-2114. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Cochran, D.M. 1961</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">. Type specimens of reptiles and amphibians in the <st1:place><st1:placename>United States</st1:placename> <st1:placename>National</st1:placename> <st1:placetype>Museum</st1:placetype></st1:place>. <i>Bull. <st1:country-region><st1:place>U.S.</st1:place></st1:country-region> Natl. Mus</i>. 220: 1-291. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<strong><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Cochran, D.M. and C.J. Goin. 1970</span></strong><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">. <em>The new field book of reptiles and amphibians.</em> New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons. Pp. 1-359. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span></b> <b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Conant, R. 1958</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">. <i>A field guide to reptiles and amphibians of the <st1:country-region><st1:place>United States</st1:place></st1:country-region> and <st1:country-region><st1:place>Canada</st1:place></st1:country-region> east of the 100<sup>th</sup> meridian</i>. <st1:city><st1:place>Boston</st1:place></st1:city>: Houghton Mifflin Co. </span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><u1:p></u1:p><o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">________. 1975</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">. <i>A field guide to the reptiles and amphibians: Eastern and central <st1:place>North America</st1:place>. </i>2<sup>nd</sup><i> </i>edition. <st1:city><st1:place>Boston</st1:place></st1:city>: Houghton Mifflin Co.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span></b> <b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">________. and J. T. Collins. 1991</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">. <i>A field guide to the reptiles and amphibians: Eastern and central <st1:place>North America</st1:place>.</i> <st1:city><st1:place>Boston</st1:place></st1:city>: Houghton Mifflin Co. </span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><u1:p></u1:p><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span></b> <b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">________. and J. T. Collins. 1998</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">. <i>A field guide to the reptiles and amphibians: Eastern and central <st1:place>North America</st1:place>. </i>3<sup>rd</sup> edition (expanded) <st1:city><st1:place>Boston</st1:place></st1:city>: Houghton Mifflin Co. </span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span></b> <b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Cope, E.D. 1891</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">. A critical review of the characters and variations of the snakes of <st1:place>North America</st1:place>. <i>Proc. <st1:country-region><st1:place>U.S.</st1:place></st1:country-region> Natl. Mus</i>. 14: 589-694. </span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><u1:p></u1:p><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span></b> <b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">________. 1900</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">. The crocodilians, lizards, and snakes of <st1:place>North America</st1:place>. <i>Annu. Rept. <st1:country-region><st1:place>U.S.</st1:place></st1:country-region> Natl. Mus.</i> 1898: 155-1294. <o:p></o:p></span><br />
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span></b> <b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Dearth, R.L. 2004</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">. Natural history notes: <i>Elaphe bairdi</i> (Baird's rat snake). Predation. <i>Herpetol. Rev</i>. 35:65-66. </span><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">[Although Cliff Swallows (</span></i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">Hirundo pyrrhonota<i>) were previously known to be included in the diet of </i>P. bairdi<i> (Olson 1967), this account provides a detailed description of the methods employed by a large specimen to dangle itself from a cliff some 30 meters above the Frio River at midday in May of 2000 in Real County, Texas. Six nests (out of ~ 36 active) were investigated by the snake, with their contents (presumably young swallows) consumed - TEL]</i></span><i><span style="color: red; font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></i><br />
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span></b> <b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Dial, B.E. 1965</span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">. Pattern and coloration in juveniles of two west <st1:state><st1:place>Texas</st1:place></st1:state> <i>Elaphe</i>. <i>Herpetologica </i>21(1): 75-78. </span><br />
<b><st1:city><st1:place><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span></st1:place></st1:city></b> <b><st1:city><st1:place><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Dixon</span></st1:place></st1:city>, J. R. 1987.</b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"> <i>Amphibians and reptiles of Texas</i>. W. L. Moody, Jr., Nat. Hist. Ser. 8. <st1:city><st1:place>College Station</st1:place></st1:city>: <st1:place><st1:placename>Texas</st1:placename> <st1:placename>A&M</st1:placename> <st1:placetype>University</st1:placetype></st1:place> Press.</span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><u1:p></u1:p><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<b><st1:city><st1:place><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span></st1:place></st1:city></b> <b><st1:city><st1:place><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">_________. 1993.</span></st1:place></st1:city></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"> Supplement to the literature for the <i>Amphibians and reptiles of <st1:state><st1:place>Texas</st1:place></st1:state></i>. 1987. <i>Smithson. Herpetol. Info. Serv</i>. 94: 1-43.</span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><u1:p></u1:p><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<b><st1:city><st1:place><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span></st1:place></st1:city></b> <b><st1:city><st1:place><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">_________. 2000.</span></st1:place></st1:city></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"> <i>Amphibians and reptiles of Texas</i>. 2<sup>nd</sup> Ed. W. L. Moody, Jr., Nat. Hist. Ser. 25. <st1:city><st1:place>College Station</st1:place></st1:city>: <st1:place><st1:placename>Texas</st1:placename> <st1:placename>A&M</st1:placename> <st1:placetype>University</st1:placetype></st1:place> Press. </span><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">[As </span></i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">Elaphe bairdi<i>. Provides 46 literature citations for this species. Declares a record from Cameron County to be erroneous. Provides a county-based distribution map. - TEL]</i></span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span></b> <b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;">_________. 2013.</span></b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;"> <i>Amphibians and reptiles of Texas</i>. 3rd Ed. W. L. Moody, Jr., Nat. Hist. Ser. 25. College Station: Texas A&M University Press. </span><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">[As </span></i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">Elaphe (Pantherophis) bairdi<i>. Provides 51 literature citations for the species. <b>Ward County</b> is added to the county distribution map and a color photo of a young adult specimen from Crockett County is provided. I have reviewed this book <b><a href="http://cascabel.typepad.com/cascabel/2013/06/book-review-amphibians-and-reptiles-of-texas-3rd-edition.html" target="_blank">HERE</a></b>. - TEL]</i></span><i><span style="color: red; font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></i><br />
<strong><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Dixon, J.R. and J.E. Werler. 2005.</span></strong><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"> <em>Texas Snakes: A Field Guide</em>. Austin: University of Texas Press. </span><em><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">[Pages 130-133, including one color photograph, and a shaded range map depicting the Edwards and Stockton plateau populations as disjunct from those of the Trans-Pecos, which are shown as three isolated groups, the largest of which occupies a swath from the Davis Mountains southward through the Chisos range. The two smaller disjunct Trans-Pecos populations are shown in Presidio and Ward/ Reeves counties. These apparent gaps in distribution likely result from the highly conservative approach to distributional records displayed in the earlier work (Werler and Dixon, 2000) from which this map was modified. Also somewhat controversial is the listing of a 63.5 inch (161 cm) specimen from Bandera County as representing the record size-holder for this species. While it is almost certain that </span></em><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">P. bairdi<em> exceeds 60", this particular specimen (which has been pictured on the internet) appears to be either a hybrid (</em>P. bairdi<em> X </em>obsoleta<em>) or an aberrant example of </em>P. o. lindheimeri<em>, rather than a pure </em>P. bairdi<em>. - TEL]</em></span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span></b> <b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Dowling, H.G. 1952</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">. A taxonomic study of the ratsnakes, genus <i>Elaphe</i> Fitzinger. IV. A checklist of the American forms. <i>Occas. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich</i>. 541: 1-12. </span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span></b> <b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Ernst, C.H. and E.M. Ernst. 2003</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">. <i>Snakes of the <st1:country-region><st1:place>United States</st1:place></st1:country-region> and <st1:country-region><st1:place>Canada</st1:place></st1:country-region></i>. <st1:state><st1:place>Washington</st1:place></st1:state> and <st1:city><st1:place>London</st1:place></st1:city>: Smithsonian Books. Pp. 105-108, includes a John Tashjian color photo and a generalized range map. </span><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">[A good, thorough summary of the literature on this species that is somewhat marred by the questionable statement, under “Predators and Defense,” that “Pet trade collecting is also a problem, as <b>many individuals fail to adjust to captivity</b> (emphasis mine ) or receive poor care,” which contradicts the experience of most who have actually maintained them. The range map fails to accurately convey the eastern extent of the range while implying a more contiguous distribution in the Trans-Pecos than is actually the case. – TEL]</span><u1:p></u1:p></i><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span></b> <b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Farr, W.L., Lazcano, D., and P.A.L. Murcio. 2009</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">. New Distributional Records for Amphibians and Reptiles from the State of <st1:place><st1:city>Tamaulipas</st1:city>, <st1:country-region>Mexico</st1:country-region></st1:place> II. <i>Herp. Rev</i>. 40(4): 459-467. - </span><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">[The authors provide two new localities for </span></i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">P. bairdi<i> (44 km NW Ciudad Victoria, 1200 m elev., and 16.1 km SW Ciudad Victoria, also at 1200 m elev.) in Tamaulipas (the former was collected in 2001, the latter is an AMNH specimen from 1969). According to the authors, these specimens represent only the second and third confirmed records from Tamaulipas (the previous records were from the Sierra <st1:city><st1:place>San Carlos</st1:place></st1:city> [Lawson and Lieb 1990, cited in Schulz 1996]). Additionally, they mention photographic evidence from Alan Kardon establishing the presence of this species near Las Joyas de Miquihuana at 2900 m in elevation. Ecological associations recorded were "dry pine-oak and juniper forest" for the localities NW of Cd. <st1:state><st1:place>Victoria</st1:place></st1:state> and Miquihuana and "<st1:city><st1:place>oak forest</st1:place></st1:city>" for the locality SW of Cd. <st1:state><st1:place>Victoria</st1:place></st1:state>. Morphological characteristics were not noted for these specimens, but presumably they conform to the distinctive color pattern class known amongst hobbyists as "Mexican </i>bairdi<i>," which is probably worthy of subspecific recognition. The authors conclude their </i>bairdi <i>account with the following: "The localities recorded here, combined with three records from the Sierra <st1:city><st1:place>San Carlos</st1:place></st1:city> . . . collectively represent every record of </i>P. bairdi<i> from Tamaulipas known to us. We suspect that these localities represent the southern limit of the species distribution, but the occurrence of this uncommon and secretive snake cannot be ruled out from high elevation areas supporting pine, oak, and juniper habitats farther south in the municipalities of Bustamante, Palmillas, and Tula." - TEL]</i><u1:p></u1:p></span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<strong><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Flores-Villela, O. 1993.</span></strong><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"> Herpetofauna Mexicana. Annotated list of the species of amphibians and reptiles of Mexico, recent taxonomic changes, and new species. <em>Carnegie Mus. Nat. Hist. Spec. Publ.</em> 17: 1-73. </span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<strong><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Fraser, J. 1983.</span></strong><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"> A trip to the "Trans-Pecos." <em>Kansas Herp. Soc. Newsl.</em> 54: 18-23. </span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<strong><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Garman, S. 1883.</span></strong><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"> The reptiles and batrachians of North America. <em>Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool.</em> 8(3): 1-185. </span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<strong><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">_________. 1884. </span></strong><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">The North American reptiles and batrachians. A list of the species occurring north of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, with references. <em>Bull. Essex Inst.</em> 16: 3-46. </span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span></b> <b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Gehlbach, F.R., and J.K. Baker. 1962</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">. Kingsnakes allied with <i>Lampropeltis mexicana</i>: Taxonomy and natural history. <i>Copeia</i> 1962(2): 291-300. </span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span></b> <b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Gloyd, H. K. 1944</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">. <st1:state><st1:place>Texas</st1:place></st1:state> snakes. <i><st1:state><st1:place>Tex.</st1:place></st1:state> Geogr</i>. 8: 1-18.</span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><u1:p></u1:p><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<strong><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Hawthorne, K. 1972</span></strong><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">. Rat Snakes: Genus <em>Elaphe</em>. <em>Herp</em> (Bull. New York Herp. Soc.), 9(1-2): 11-16. </span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<strong><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Hingley, K.J. 1987</span></strong><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">. Snakes of the genus <em>Elaphe</em>, their care and breeding in captivity, part 1. <em>Snake Keeper</em> 1(1): 4-8. </span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<strong><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">__________. 1994</span></strong><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">. The keeping of the Baird's Ratsnake. <em>Reptilian Magazine</em> 2(3): 26-27. </span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<strong><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Jameson, D.L. and A.G. Flury 1949</span></strong><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">. The reptiles and amphibians of the Sierra Vieja range of southwestern Texas. <em>Texas J. Sci.</em> 1(2): 54-79. </span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span></b> <b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Jester, S.L., C.E. Adams, and J.K. Thomas. 1990. </span></b><i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Commercial trade in <st1:state><st1:place>Texas</st1:place></st1:state> nongame wildlife</span></i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">. <st1:city><st1:place>College Station</st1:place></st1:city>: <st1:state><st1:place>Texas</st1:place></st1:state> Agricultural Experiment Station.<u1:p></u1:p><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;"><br /></span></b> <b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">Lazcano, D., Contreras-Lozano, J.A., Gallardo-Valdez, J., García del Peña, C. and G. Castañeda.</span></b><b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;"> </span></b><b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">2009.</span></b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;"> Notes on Mexican Herpetofauna 11: Herpetological Diversity in Sierra “Cerro de La Silla” (Saddleback Mountain), Nuevo León,</span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;"> </span><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">Mexico. <i>Bull. Chicago Herpetol. Soc</i>. 44(2): 21-27</span><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">. [Present in the "Cerro de la Silla" natural protected area of Nuevo Leon, Mexico at elevations up to 2300 m. - TEL]</span></i><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span></b> <b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Lawson, R., and C.S. Lieb. 1990</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">. Variation and hybridization in <i>Elaphe bairdi</i> (Serpemtes: Colubridae). <i>J. Herpetol</i>. 24(3): 280-292.<u1:p></u1:p></span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span></b> <b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Lieb, C.S. 1971</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">. A study of the variation in <i>Elaphe obsoleta</i> of <st1:state><st1:place>Texas</st1:place></st1:state>. <i>TASCA</i> 26(1): 3-6.<u1:p></u1:p></span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<strong><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">McCoy, C.J. 1984</span></strong><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">. Ecological and zoogeographic relationships of amphibians and reptiles of the Cuatro Cienegas Basin. <em>J. Arizona-Nevada Acad. Sci.</em> 19(1): 49-59. </span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span></b> <b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Maxwell, T.C. 2013. </span></b><i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Wildlife of the Concho Valley</span></i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">. College Station: Texas A&M Univ. Press. 292 pp. </span><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">[Considered a "marginal" inhabitant of the Concho Basin, mainly from Crockett County, but listed no museum specimens. - TEL] </span></i><strong><i><span style="color: red;"><o:p></o:p></span></i></strong><br />
<strong><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Mehrtens, J.M. 1987.</span></strong><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"> <em>Living snakes of the world</em>. New York: Sterling Publishing Co, Inc. Pp. 1-480. </span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "sans-serif";"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span></b> <b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Milstead, W.W. 1960a</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">. Supplementary notes on the herpetofauna of the Stockton Plateau. <i><st1:state><st1:place>Tex.</st1:place></st1:state> J. Sci</i>. 12(3-4): 228-31. <u1:p></u1:p></span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<strong><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">____________</span></strong><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">, <strong>J.S. Meacham, and H. McClintock. 1950. </strong>The amphibians and reptiles of the Stockton Plateau in northern <st1:place><st1:city>Terrell County</st1:city>, <st1:state>Texas</st1:state></st1:place>. <em><st1:state><st1:place>Tex.</st1:place></st1:state> J. Sci</em>. 2(4): 543-562.<u1:p></u1:p> </span><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">[Reported that two specimens, one active shortly after dawn and another active at about noon, were collected in the live-oak association of Hicks Ranch, which is described as being "along the lower reaches of Independence Creek. . . . where springs provide a constant source of water." The authors further speculated, based on the scalation of these "typically colored" specimens, that </span></i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">bairdi <i>might prove to be a western subspecies of the </i>Elaphe obsoleta<i> complex - TEL]</i></span><i><span style="color: red; font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></i><br />
<b><st1:place><st1:city><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span></st1:city></st1:place></b> <b><st1:place><st1:city><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Minton</span></st1:city>, <st1:country-region>S.A.</st1:country-region></st1:place> 1959</b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">. Observations on amphibians and reptiles of the <st1:place>Big Bend</st1:place> region of <st1:state><st1:place>Texas</st1:place></st1:state>. <i>Southwest. Nat</i>. 3: 28-54. </span><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">[Minton failed to find this species during his almost six month stay there in the first half of 1955, at the tail end of the famous 1950-1956 drought - TEL]</span></i><i><span style="color: red; font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></i><br />
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span></b> <b><u1:p></u1:p><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Mulaik, S., and D. Mulaik. 1941b</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">. <i>Elaphe bairdi</i> from <st1:place><st1:city>Kerr County</st1:city>, <st1:state>Texas</st1:state></st1:place>. <i>Copeia </i>1942(1): 263-264.</span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span></b> <b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Olson, R.E. 1967</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">. Peripheral range extensions and some new records of <st1:state><st1:place>Texas</st1:place></st1:state> amphibians<b> </b>and reptiles. <i><st1:state><st1:place>Tex</st1:place></st1:state> J. Sci</i>. 19(1): 99-106. Errata: 329. </span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span></b> <b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">_________. 1977. </span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Evidence for the species status of Baird’s ratsnake. <i><st1:state><st1:place>Tex.</st1:place></st1:state> J. Sci</i>. 29(1): 79-84. </span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span></b> <b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Owen, J.G. 1989</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">. Patterns of herpetofaunal species richness: Relation to temperature, precipitation, and variance in elevation. <i>J. Biogeogr</i>. 16: 141-150. </span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<strong><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">_________ and J.R. Dixon. 1989. </span></strong><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">An ecogeographic analysis of the herpetofauna of <st1:state><st1:place>Texas</st1:place></st1:state>. <em>Southwest Nat</em>. 34(2): 165-180.</span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span></b> <b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Parmley, D. 1986a</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">. An annotated key to isolated trunk vertebrae of <i>Elaphe</i> (Colubridae) species occurring in <st1:state><st1:place>Texas</st1:place></st1:state>. <i><st1:state><st1:place>Tex.</st1:place></st1:state> J. Sci</i>. 38(1): 41-44. </span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><u1:p></u1:p><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span></b> <b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Raun, G. G. 1965b</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">. A guide to <st1:state><st1:place>Texas</st1:place></st1:state> snakes. <i><st1:state><st1:place>Tex.</st1:place></st1:state> Mem. Mus. Notes</i> 9. </span><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">[Treats all "rat snakes" as a group, providing a key only to the species level. </span></i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">Bairdi <i>is lumped into </i>Elaphe obsoleta<i>, with only the following indication of recognition: "On the Edwards Plateau a variant is found which has a general grayish brown ground color, but lacks dorsal blotches. Each scale is edged with yellow, orange-yellow, or orange." Not a useful reference. - TEL]</i></span><i><span style="color: red; font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></i><br />
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span></b> <b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Rhoads, D. 2008</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">. <i>The Complete Suboc: A comprehensive guide to the natural history, care, and breeding of the Trans-Pecos Ratsnake.</i> <st1:place><st1:city>Lansing</st1:city>, <st1:state>MI</st1:state></st1:place>: ECO Herpetological Publishing and Distribution. Pp. x + 291, with many color illustrations. </span><em><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">[A “bonus chapter” (pp. 228-240) covering the other western ratsnakes of <st1:place>North America</st1:place> devotes thirteen pages to </span></em><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">P. bairdi<em>, including nineteen color plates and a generalized range map apparently based upon that of Schultz (1996). Natural history, care, breeding, color and pattern morphs of both <st1:state><st1:place>Texas</st1:place></st1:state> and Mexican populations are covered. Habitat photos are provided for <st1:state><st1:place>Texas</st1:place></st1:state> and Mexican populations and local variants are well-illustrated. The account is slightly skewed toward the Mexican form, which is currently considered more desirable in herpetoculture. – TEL]</em></span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span></b> <b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Rossi, J.V. and R. Rossi. 1995</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">. <i>Snakes of the <st1:country-region><st1:place>United States</st1:place></st1:country-region> and <st1:country-region><st1:place>Canada</st1:place></st1:country-region>: Keeping them Healthy in Captivity. Vol. 2 Western Area.</i> <st1:place><st1:city>Malabar</st1:city>, <st1:state>Florida</st1:state></st1:place>: Krieger Publishing Co. Pp. 109-110, generalized range map, two small color photos (adult #13, juvenile #14) p. 114<i>. </i></span><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">[Excellent summary of the maintenance of captives. The authors consider this species to rank among the easier to keep North American species – TEL]</span></i><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<strong><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span></strong> <strong><u1:p></u1:p><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Schmidt, K.P. 1953. </span></strong><em><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">A checklist of North American amphibians and reptiles.</span></em><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"> <st1:city><st1:place>Chicago</st1:place></st1:city>: <st1:place><st1:placetype>University</st1:placetype> of <st1:placename>Chicago</st1:placename></st1:place> Press.</span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<strong><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">___________. and D.D. Davis. 1941. </span></strong><strong><i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Field book of snakes of the <st1:country-region><st1:place>United States</st1:place></st1:country-region> and <st1:country-region><st1:place>Canada</st1:place></st1:country-region>.</span></i></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> <st1:state><st1:place>New York</st1:place></st1:state>: G.P. Putnam’s Sons. <u1:p></u1:p></span></strong><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<strong><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">___________. and T.F. Smith. 1944. </span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Amphibians and reptiles of the <st1:place>Big Bend</st1:place> region of <st1:state><st1:place>Texas</st1:place></st1:state>. <i>Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Zool. Ser</i>. 29: 75-96</span></strong><strong><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt; font-weight: normal;">. ["</span></i></strong><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">Three specimens of </span></i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">Elaphe bairdi<i> are available from the Chisos region, two collected by the junior author and one by A. E. Borell, and a fourth specimen was obtained by the junior author from Limpia Canyon, Jeff Davis County. There is no clue to a difference between the Chisos and Davis Mountain specimens. The ventrals and caudals in the two male specimens are 248 and 252, and 92 and 103; and in the two females 244 and 248, and 95 and 85.<br /> "The coloration differs radically from that described by Yarrow and from Blanchard's diagnosis (<b>Blanchard, 1924</b>, p. 13). The upper parts are dark brown, the venter lighter, clouded with obscure dark markings. Traces of obsolete crossbars can be distinguished only in the smallest specimen (869 mm.); we suspect therefore that the vividly crossbarred pattern of the type is a juvenile character." - TEL]</i></span><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<strong><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Schultz, K.D. and H.D. Philippen. 1991. </span></strong><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">The systematic-taxonomic position of <em>Elaphe bairdi</em> (Yarrow, 1880). <em>Litteratura Serpentium </em>11(6): 138-142. </span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<strong><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Schultz, K.D. 1996</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">. </span></strong><em><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">A Monograph of the Colubrid Snakes of the Genus </span></em><strong><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Elaphe. Havlickruv Brod., Czech Republic: Koeltz Scientific Books. </span></strong><em><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">[Pp. 269-272. Includes dorsal and lateral line drawings of the head, an oddly distorted dot locality range map, discussions of the scutellation, distribution, natural history, husbandry and breeding, as well as taxonomic remarks. Also includes nine color plates, 5 of typically colored individuals from west Texas and 2 each of distinctly colored specimens from Dr. Arroyo and Galeana, Nuevo Leon - TEL] </span></em><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span></b> <b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Slavens, F.L. and K. Slavens. 1991</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">.<strong> </strong><em>Reptiles and amphibians in captivity, breeding - longevity and inventory</em><strong><span style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">. Seattle: Slaveware. Pp. 1-505. </span><u1:p></u1:p></strong></span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<strong><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">_______________________. 1992</span></strong><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">.<strong><span style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span></strong><em>Reptiles and amphibians in captivity, breeding - longevity and inventory</em><strong><span style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">. Seattle: Slaveware. Pp. 1-497. </span><u1:p></u1:p></strong></span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<strong><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">_______________________. 1993</span></strong><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">.<strong><span style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span></strong><em>Reptiles and amphibians in captivity, breeding - longevity and inventory</em><strong><span style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">. Seattle: </span></strong></span><br />
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><strong><span style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Slaveware. Pp. 1-521. </span><u1:p></u1:p></strong></span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<strong><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Smith, H.M. 1938</span></strong><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">. Additions to the herpetofauna of Mexico. <em>Copeia </em>1938(3): 149-150. </span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<strong><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">_________. 1941</span></strong><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">. Notes on Mexican snakes of the genus <em>Elaphe</em>. <em>Copeia </em>1941(3): 132-136.</span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<strong><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">_________ and E.D. Brodie, Jr. 1982</span></strong><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">. <em>A guide to field identification of the reptiles of North America</em>. New York: Golden Press. Pp. 1-240. </span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<strong><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">_________ and H.K. Buechner. 1947. </span></strong><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">The influence of the Balcones Escarpment on the distribution of amphibians and reptiles in <st1:state><st1:place>Texas</st1:place></st1:state>. <em>Bull. Chi. Acad. Sci.</em> 8(1): 1-16.</span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span></b> <b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">_________ and E.H. Taylor. 1950a. </span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Type localities of Mexican reptiles and amphibians. <i><st1:place><st1:city>Univ.</st1:city> <st1:state>Kans.</st1:state></st1:place> Sci. Bull</i>. 33: 313-379. </span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span></b> <b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">_______________________. 1966. </span></b><em><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Herpetology of Mexico. Annotated checklist and keys to the reptiles and amphibians. </span></em><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span></b> <b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Somma, L.A. 1989. </span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Life history notes: <em>Elaphe bairdi</em> (Baird's Rat Snake) - Drinking behavior.<b> </b><em>Herp. Review</em> 20(3): 72. </span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<strong><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Stejneger, L. and T. Barbour. 1923</span></strong><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">. <em>A checklist of North American amphibians and reptiles.</em> Cambridge: Harvard University Press. Pp. 1-125. </span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<strong><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">________________________. 1943. </span></strong><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">A checklist of North American amphibians and reptiles. <em>Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. </em>Pp. 1-260. </span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<strong><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Strecker, J.K. 1915. </span></strong><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"> Reptiles and amphibians of <st1:state><st1:place>Texas</st1:place></st1:state>. <em><st1:place><st1:placename>Baylor</st1:placename> <st1:placetype>Univ.</st1:placetype></st1:place> Bull.</em> 18(4): 1-82.<u1:p> </u1:p></span><em><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">["CALLOPELTIS BAIRDI </span></em><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">Yarrow<em>. Baird's Pilot Snake. The type and only specimen of this species is in the National Museum Collection. It was collected at Fort Davis, Jeff Davis County." - TEL]</em></span><em><span style="color: red;"><o:p></o:p></span></em><br />
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<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">___________. 1928e</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">. Common English and folk names for Texas amphibians and reptiles. <i>Contr. Baylor Univ.Mus. </i>16:1-21.</span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Tennant, A. 1984</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">. <i>The snakes of Texas</i>. <st1:city><st1:place>Austin</st1:place></st1:city>: <st1:state><st1:place>Texas</st1:place></st1:state> Monthly Press</span><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">.<u1:p></u1:p></span></i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br /></span></b> <b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">_________. 1985</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">. <i>A field guide to <st1:state><st1:place>Texas</st1:place></st1:state> snakes</i>. <st1:city><st1:place>Austin</st1:place></st1:city>: <st1:state><st1:place>Texas</st1:place></st1:state> Monthly Press</span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span></b> <b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">_________. 1998</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">. <i>A field guide to <st1:state><st1:place>Texas</st1:place></st1:state> snakes</i>. 2<sup>nd</sup> edition. <st1:city><st1:place>Houston</st1:place></st1:city>: Gulf Publishing. <o:p></o:p></span><br />
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span></b> <b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Utiger, U., N. Helfenberger, B. Schatti, C. Schmidt, M. Ruf, and V. Ziswiler. 2002</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">. Molecular systematics and phylogeny of Old World and New World ratsnakes, <i>Elaphe</i> auct., and related species (Reptilia, Squamata, Colubridae). <i>Russ. J. Herpetol</i>. 9(2):105-124.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span></b> <b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"><u1:p></u1:p>Vandeweege, M.W., Rodriguez, D., Weaver, J.P., Hibbetts, T.D., Forstner, M.R.J., and L.D. Densmore, III. 2012</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">. Evidence of hybridization between <i>Elaphe bairdi</i> and <i>Elaphe obsoleta lindheimeri</i> including comparative population genetics inferred from microsatellites and mitochondrial DNA. <i>J. Herpetol</i>. 46(1): 56-63. </span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span></b> <b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Vermersch, T.G. and R.E. Kuntz. 1986</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">. <i>Snakes of South <st1:place>Central Texas</st1:place></i>. Eakin Press, <st1:place><st1:city>Austin</st1:city>, <st1:state>Texas</st1:state></st1:place>.</span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span></b> <b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Ward, R., E.G. Zimmerman, and T.L. King. 1990</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">. Multivariate analyses of terrestrial reptile distribution in <st1:state><st1:place>Texas</st1:place></st1:state>: An alternative view. <i>Southwest. Nat</i>. 35(4): 441-445. </span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span></b> <b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Wauer, R.H. 1980</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">. <i>Naturalist’s <st1:place>Big Bend</st1:place>. An introduction to the trees and shrubs, wildflowers, cacti, mammals, birds, reptiles and amphibians, fish, and insects</i>. <st1:city><st1:place>College Station</st1:place></st1:city>: <st1:place><st1:placename>Texas</st1:placename> <st1:placename>A&M</st1:placename> <st1:placetype>University</st1:placetype></st1:place> Press. </span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<strong><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Webb, R.G. 1960</span></strong><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">. Notes on some amphibians and reptiles from northern Mexico. <em>Trans. Kansas Acad. Sci</em>. 63(4): 289-298. </span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<strong><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Weir, J. 1991</span></strong><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">. Baird's Ratsnake, <em>Elaphe bairdi</em>. <em>Herptile</em> 16(1): 40-46. </span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<strong><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Werler, J.E. and J.R. Dixon. 2000. </span></strong><em><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Texas Snakes: Identification, Distribution and Natural History</span></em><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">. Austin: University of Texas Press<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;"><br /></span></b> <b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">Worthington, R.D. 1976</span></b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">. Herpetofauna of the Franklin Mountains, El Paso County, Texas. In <i>El Paso Geological Society symposium on the Franklin Mountains</i>, ed. D.V. Lemone and E.M.P. Lovejoy, 205-212. El Paso: El Paso Geological Society Quinn Memorial Volume.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span></b> <b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Wright, A. H. 1935. </span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Some rare amphibians and reptiles of the <st1:country-region><st1:place>United States</st1:place></st1:country-region>. <i>Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.</i> 21(6): 340-345. </span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><u1:p></u1:p><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span></b> <b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">___________ and A. A. Wright. 1952</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">. List of the snakes of the <st1:country-region><st1:place>United States</st1:place></st1:country-region> and <st1:country-region><st1:place>Canada</st1:place></st1:country-region> by states and provinces. <i>Am. Midl. Nat</i>. 48(3): 574-603. </span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><u1:p></u1:p><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span></b> <b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">__________________________. 1957. </span></b><i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Handbook of snakes of the <st1:country-region><st1:place>United States</st1:place></st1:country-region> and <st1:country-region><st1:place>Canada</st1:place></st1:country-region>.</span></i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"> <st1:city><st1:place>Ithaca</st1:place></st1:city>, N. Y.: Comstock Publishing Co</span><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">.</span></i><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><u1:p></u1:p><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span></b> <b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Yarrow, H.C. 1880</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">. <em>Coluber bairdi</em> sp. nov. In: <strong>Cope, E.D</strong>.: <em>On the zoological position of Texas, No.17</em>. Washington: U.S. Nat. Mus. Bull. Pp. 41. </span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;"><br /></span></b> <b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;">__________. 1882</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;">. Checklist of North American Reptilia and Batrachia with catalogue of specimens in the U.S. National Museum. <i>Bull. <st1:country-region><st1:place>U.S.</st1:place></st1:country-region> Natl. Mus</i>. 24: 1-249.</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;"> </span><!--mstheme--><u1:p></u1:p>Tom Lotthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00201548346973561680noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-212420547045451837.post-53197432338392738372016-01-18T18:02:00.000-06:002016-12-31T10:36:24.216-06:00Eastern Patch-nosed Snake (Salvadora grahamiae)<div align="center" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">An Annotated Bibliography of the Eastern Patch-nosed Snake <br />(<i>Salvadora grahamiae</i>)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Compiled by Tom Lott [TEL] - Last updated on 22 September </span></b><b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">2016</span></b><!--[if supportFields]><b><span
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<em><b><span style="color: red; font-size: 8.0pt;"><br /></span></b></em> <em><b><span style="color: red; font-size: 8.0pt;">[These bibliographies and their annotations are an </span></b></em><strong><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 8.0pt;">on-going project</span></i></strong><em><b><span style="color: red; font-size: 8.0pt;">. I have many comments on papers that I have not yet posted but I will attempt to attend to this task as time allows. Comments proffered in the annotations are strictly my own opinions and should be taken as such. If you wish to comment or supply additional references that I have overlooked, you may contact me via E-mail. To correspond with me, I may be reached at: </span></b></em><em><b><span style="color: red; font-size: 8.0pt; font-style: normal;">tomlott[at]thornscrub[dot]com</span></b></em><em><b><span style="color: red; font-size: 8.0pt;">. Thanks for reading, Tom Lott ]</span></b></em><b><span style="font-size: 8.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b><br />
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<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Anderson, P.K. 1942</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">. New record for <i>Salvadora lineata. Copeia</i> 1942: 127.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Axtell, R. W. 1959b</span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">. Amphibians and reptiles of the Black Gap Wildlife Management Area, Brewster County, Texas. <i>Southwest. Nat</i>. 4(2): 88-109. </span><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">["Three (1</span></i><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">♂</span></i><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">, 2</span></i><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">♀</span></i><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">) mountain patch-nosed snakes were secured, two from limestone gravel hills and one from the basalt talus slope.<br /> "Brown (1950:178) writes that</span></i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">'Salvadora hexalepis deserticola<i> is a snake inhabiting the dry lowland areas of western Texas while </i>S. grahamiae<i> is to be found on the upper slopes of the mountains.' We found both </i>S. grahamiae <i>and </i>S. h. deserticola<i> in our area, where local relief was at best no more than five to seven hundred feet. One specimen of </i>deserticola <i>came from about 200 yards south of Dell Tank where a U.S.G.S. benchmark read 2,069 feet, while an </i>S. grahamiae<i> was found on a hillside approximately 500 yards southeast of Dell Tank where the elevation was not 300 feet higher. From the few recordings it appears that </i>grahamiae<i> may prefer the rougher rocky slopes, while </i>deserticola <i>inhabits the less rugged floodplain and adjacent flat areas." - TEL]<o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">________. <b>1977(1978).</b> Ancient playas and their influence on the recent herpetofauna of the northern Chihuahuan desert. In <i>Transactions of the symposium on the biological resources of the Chihuahuan desert region, United States and Mexico.</i> Ed. R.W. Wauer and D.H. Riskind, Ser. 3: 493-512. Alpine, Tex.: National Park Service.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Baker, R.J., Mengden, G.A., and J.J. Bull. 1972</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">. Karyotypic studies of thirty-eight species of North American snakes. <i>Copeia</i> 1972(2): 257-265. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<strong><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><br /></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Blair, W.F. 1949</span></strong><span style="font-size: 10pt;">. The biotic provinces of Texas. <em>Texas J. Sci.</em> 2(1):93-117.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">________. <b>1953.</b> Growth, dispersal and age of sexual maturity of the Mexican toad (<i>Bufo valliceps</i> Weigmann)> <i>Copeia</i> 1953: 208-212.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">________. 1960d.</span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"> <i>The rusty lizard: a population study</i>. Austin: University of Texas Press.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Bogert, C.M. 1939</span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">. Notes on snakes of the genus <i>Salvadora </i>with a redescription of a neglected Mexican subspecies. <i>Copeia</i> 1939: 140-147. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">_________. <b>1939</b>. A study of the genus <i>Salvadora</i>, the patch-nosed snakes. Publ. Biol. Sci., Univ. Calif. Los Angeles 1: 177-236. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Boulenger, E.G. 1896</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">. <i>Catalogue of the snakes in the British Museum</i>, vol. 1. London: Taylor and Francis<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span></b> <b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Boundy, J. 1997.</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"> Maximum lengths of North American Snakes. <i>Bull. Chicago Herpetol. Soc</i>. 29(6): 109-122. <br />
<i><span style="color: red;">[Cites the maximum length of the nominate subspecies as 953 mm (37.5 in., </span></i><span style="color: red;">fide<i> <b>Conant 1975</b>) and as 1194 mm (47.0 in., </i>fide<i> <b>Conant 1958</b>) for </i>S. g. lineata<i>. - TEL]</i></span><o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<b><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Brattstrom, B.H. 1967</span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">. A succession of Pliocene and Pleistocene snake faunas from the High Plains of the United States. <i>Copeia </i>1967: 188-202.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Brennan, J.N. 1945</span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">. Field investigations pertinent to Bullis fever: Preliminary report on the species of ticks and vertebrates occurring at Camp Bullis, Texas. <i>Texas Rept. Biol. Med</i>. 3: 112-121. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><br /></span></b> <b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Brown, A.E. 1901a</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">. A review of the genera and species of American snakes north of Mexico. <i>Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. </i>53:10-110.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="font-size: 10pt;"><br /></span> <span style="font-size: 10pt;">_________. <b>1903b.</b> Texas reptiles and their faunal relations. </span><i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. </span></i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">55:543-558.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span></b> <b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Brown, B. C. 1950</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">. <i>An annotated check list of the reptiles and amphibians of Texas</i>. Waco: Baylor University Studies. <o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Burchfield, P.M., T.F. Beimler, and C.S. Doucette. 1982</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">. An unusual precoital head-biting behavior in the Texas patchnosed snake, <i>Salvadora grahamiae lineata</i> (Reptilia: Serpentes: Colubridae). <i>Copeia</i> 1982: 192-193. <i><span style="color: red;">[On two occasions in mid-April of 1977, a sexual pair of this species captured at the same location exhibited mating behavior in captivity that was unusual. First, the female of the pair was already gravid, but allowed copulation (the female laid nine eggs the following day, the timing of which is fairly normal for this species in south Texas). Second, on each occasion the male grasped the head of the female in a manner that differed from the well-known neck-biting actions characteristic of many colubrids (other than the head biting, the copulatory behavior followed the typical colubrid pattern). This head grasping behavior, however, was more consistent with that seen in a cannibalistic attack than in typical precoital ritual and continued throughout the copulations. It would appear that this conduct, if indeed pervasive in this species, could easily be mistaken for a cannibalistic attack. - TEL]<o:p></o:p></span></i></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Butterfield, B.P., S.E. Trauth, T.W. Steward, V.R. McDaniel, and P. McLarty. 1991</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">. New county records of amphibians and reptiles from Texas. <i>Herpetol. Rev</i>. 22: 28 <i><span style="color: red;">[<b>Eastland County</b> record. - TEL]</span></i> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Camper, J.D. and B.G. Hanks. 1995</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">. Variation in the nucleolus organizer region among New World snakes<i>. J. Herpetol.</i> 29: 468-471.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Carl, G. 1980</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">. Distributional records for Johnson County, Texas. <i>Herpetol. Rev.</i> 11: 116-117. <i><span style="color: red;">[<b>Johnson County</b> record. - TEL]<o:p></o:p></span></i></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Cochran, D.M. 1961</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">. Type specimens of reptiles and amphibians in the United States National Museum. <i>Bull. U.S. Natl. Mus.</i> 220: 1-291.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Conant, R. 1942</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">. Notes on the young of three recently described snakes, with comments upon their relationships. <i>Bull. Chic. Acad. Sci</i>. 6: 193-200.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span></b> <b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">_______ . 1958</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">. <i>A field guide to reptiles and amphibians of the United States and Canada east of the 100<sup>th</sup> meridian</i>. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co. </span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">_______ . 1975</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">. <i>A field guide to the reptiles and amphibians: Eastern and central North America. </i>2<sup>nd</sup><i> </i>edition. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span></b> <b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">_______ . and J. T. Collins. 1991</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">. <i>A field guide to the reptiles and amphibians: Eastern and central North America.</i> Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co. </span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span></b> <b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">_______ . and ______. 1998</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">. <i>A field guide to the reptiles and amphibians: Eastern and central North America. </i>3<sup>rd</sup> edition (expanded) Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co. <o:p></o:p></span><br />
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span></b> <b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Cope, E. D. 1900</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">. The crocodilians, lizards, and snakes of North America. <i>Annu. Rept. U.S. Natl. Mus.</i> 1898: 155-1294. <o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Cox, C.L., C.E. Roelke, and B. Pope. 2008</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">. Geographic distribution. <i>Salvadora grahamiae lineata</i> (Texas patch-nosed snake). <i>Herpetol. Rev</i>. 39: 373. <i><span style="color: red;">[<b>Shackleford County record</b>, from Hwy. 351 ca. 4.8 km S jct. with Hwy. 180. - TEL]<o:p></o:p></span></i></span></div>
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span></b> <b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Davenport, J.W. 1943</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">. <i>Field book of the snakes of Bexar County, Texas, and vicinity</i>. San Antonio: Witte Memorial Museum. <b> Out of Print. <o:p></o:p></b></span><br />
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<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Degenhardt, W.G., Painter, C.W. and A. H. Price 1996</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">. <i>Amphibians and reptiles of New Mexico</i>. Univ. New Mexico Press, 431 pp. <o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Desantis, D.L.; V. Mata-Silva, and J. D. Johnson. 2016. </span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> Natural History Notes. Winter foraging. <i>Herpetol Rev.</i> 47(3)483-484<i><span style="color: red;">. [A large adult male of the nominate subspecies (92.4 cm/36.4 in TTL) was found basking on 11 December 2015 on the Indio Mountains Research Station, Hudspeth Co., Texas. This was during an unseasonably warm day (ambient temp.= 24.4<sup>o</sup>C/75.9<sup>o</sup>F). The snake was also determined to contain a recently ingested meal (speculated to be a lizard, possibly </span></i><span style="color: red;">Cophosaurus texana<i>, although none were observed active in the area). The authors could find no reports of winter feeding in this species, but noted that winter activity was common, having been observed during every month of the year except January at that locality. They infer from this incident that this species may be an opportunistic winter feeder throughout the year, "given appropriate environmental conditions." - TEL]</i></span> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span></b> <b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Dixon, J. R. 1987.</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"> <i>Amphibians and reptiles of Texas</i>. W. L. Moody, Jr., Nat. Hist. Ser. 8. College Station: Texas A&M University Press.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span></b> <b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">_______ . 1993.</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"> Supplement to the literature for the <i>Amphibians and reptiles of Texas</i>. 1987. <i>Smithson. Herpetol. Info. Serv</i>. 94: 1-43.</span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span></b> <b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">_______ . 2000.</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"> <i>Amphibians and reptiles of Texas</i>. 2<sup>nd</sup> Ed. W. L. Moody, Jr., Nat. Hist. Ser. 25. College Station: Texas A&M University Press. <i><span style="color: red;">[Provides 90 literature citations for this species. Notes that D. L. Lannutti is tudying the systematics of the species at UTEP. A county-based distribution map is provided. - TEL]</span></i><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span></b> <b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">_______ . 2013.</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"> <i>Amphibians and reptiles of Texas</i>. 3rd Ed. W. L. Moody, Jr., Nat. Hist. Ser. 25. College Station: Texas A&M University Press. <i><span style="color: red;">[Provides 93 literature citations for the species. Color photos of the nominate subspecies from Presidio County and </span></i><span style="color: red;">S. g. lineata<i> from Edwards County are provided. A county-based distribution map is included. Remarks are unchanged from the 2000 edition. I have reviewed this book<a href="http://cascabel.typepad.com/cascabel/2013/06/book-review-amphibians-and-reptiles-of-texas-3rd-edition.html" target="_blank"> <b>HERE</b>.</a> - TEL]</i></span><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<strong><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">_______ . and J.E. Werler. 2005.</span></strong><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"> <em>Texas Snakes: A Field Guide</em>. Austin: University of Texas Press. <o:p></o:p></span><br />
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><br /></span></b> <b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Dunham, A.E. 1981</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">. Populations in a fluctuating environment: The comparative population ecology of the iguanid lizards <i>Sceloporus merriami</i> and <i>Urosaurus ornatus</i>. <i>Univ. Mich. Publ. Mus. Zool</i>. 158: 1-62. <o:p></o:p></span><br />
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span></b> <b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Ernst, C.H. and E.M. Ernst. 2003</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">. <i>Snakes of the United States and Canada</i>. Washington and London: Smithsonian Books.</span><b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><o:p></o:p></span></b><br />
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><br /></span></b> <b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Gloyd, H.K.</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"> </span><b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">1944</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">. Texas snakes. <i>Tex. Geogr</i>. 8: 1-18. <o:p></o:p></span><br />
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span></b> <b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Gutberlet, R.L., C.L. Stewart, and M.B. Keck. 1998</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">. New distributional records for Texas reptiles and amphibians. <i>Southwest. Nat</i>. 43: 6-12. <i><span style="color: red;">[<b>Karnes County</b> record, FM 99 Coy City. - TEL]<o:p></o:p></span></i></span><br />
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span></b> <b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Hampton, N. 1976</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">. Annotated checklist of the amphibians and reptiles of Travis County, Texas. In <i>A bird finding and naturalist's guide for Austin, Texas, area.</i> ed E. Kutac and S. Caran, 84-101. Austin: Oasis Press.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span></b> <b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Hartweg, H. 1940</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">. Description of <i>Salvadora intermedia</i>, new species, with remarks on the <i>grahamiae</i> group. <i>Copeia </i>1940: 256-259.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span></b> <b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Husack, J.F. and J. Wright. 1998b</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">. Geographic distribution. <i>Salvadora grahamiae lineata. Herpetol. Rev</i>. 29: 116. <i><span style="color: red;">[<b>Tom Green County</b> record - TEL]</span></i><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><br /></span></b> <b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Jameson, D.L. and A.G. Flury. 1949</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">. Reptiles and amphibians of the Sierra Vieja. <i>Tex. J. Sci</i>. 1(2): 54-79.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><br /></span></b> <b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Karges, J.P. 1979.</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"> Texas amphibians and reptiles: Some new distributional records. Part II. <i>Herpetol. Rev</i>. 10: 119-121. <i><span style="color: red;">[<b>Dimmit, Duval</b>, and <b>Maverick</b> county records. - TEL]</span></i><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><br /></span> <span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">__________. <b>1981.</b> Texas amphibians and reptiles: Some new distributional records. Part III. <i>Herpetol. Rev</i>. 12(2): 68-69. <i><span style="color: red;">[<b>Jim Hogg County</b> record, 1.6 km NE Hebbronville. - TEL] <o:p></o:p></span></i></span><br />
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><br /></span> <span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">__________. <b>1982.</b> Texas amphibians and reptiles: Some new distributional records. Part IV. <i>Herpetol. Rev</i>. 13: 27. <i><span style="color: red;">[<b>Zapata County</b> record, on US 83, 9.7 km N San Ygnacio. - TEL]</span></i> <o:p></o:p></span><br />
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><br /></span></b> <b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Landwer, A.J. and T.E. Lee. 2001f</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">. Geographic distribution. <i>Salvadora grahamiae</i> (Texas patchnose snake). <i>Herpetol. Rev</i>. 32: 124. <i><span style="color: red;">[<b>Taylor County</b> record, from 1.6 km N Lake Abilene. - TEL]</span></i> <o:p></o:p></span><br />
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><br /></span></b> <b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Licht, L.E. 1968</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">. Unpalatability and toxicity of toad eggs. <i>Herpetologica</i> 24: 93-98. <i><span style="color: red;">["Tests with snakes were designed to observe the effects of ovarian eggs when ingested. Several hundred ovarian eggs were freeze-dried to a fine powder, placed in gelatin capsules . . ., and force fed to the snakes...<br /> "A </span></i><span style="color: red;">Salvadora lineata<i> (female, 24.4 g) was given .10 g of dried egg, and an </i>Opheodrys aestivus<i> (female, 42 g) was given .12 g of egg. Both snakes are nontoad-eaters. Two </i>Thamnophis sirtalis<i>, toad eaters, were also fed dried ovarian egg. One (female, 21.5 g) was given .11 g of egg; the second (female, 51.2 g)was given .10 g of egg.<br /> "The </i>Salvadora<i> began opening and closing its mouth about 40 min after egg ingestion. It then began rolling over continually onto its back, with its mouth open. It would remain quiescent for 5-10 min, and begin rolling again. The mouth continually opened and closed. Three hours and 55 min after egg ingestion, final pronounced muscular tetany from snout to vent was culminated by death.<br /> "The same sequence of symptoms was observed in the </i>Opheodrys<i> which died in 5 hours and 15 min.<br /> "Neither of the</i>T. sirtalis<i> showed any ill effects and both and both appeared normal and fed one month later." - TEL]</i></span><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><br /></span> <span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">________ <b>and B. Low. 1968</b>. Cardiac response of snakes after ingestion of toad parotoid venom. <i>Copeia</i> 1968: 547-551.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><br /></span></b> <b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Logan, L.E., and C.C. Black. 1979</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">. The Quaternary vertebrate fauna of Upper Sloth Cave, Guadalupe Mountains National Park, Texas. Natl. Parks Serv. Trans. Proc. Ser. 4: 141-158. <o:p></o:p></span><br />
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><br /></span></b> <b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Marx, H. 1958.</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"> Catalogue of type specimens of reptiles and amphibians in the Chicago Natural History Museum. <i>Fieldiana Zool.</i> 36: 411-496.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span></b> <b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Maxwell, T.C. 2013. </span></b><i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Wildlife of the Concho Valley</span></i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">. College Station: Texas A&M Univ. Press. 292 pp. <i><span style="color: red;">[Listed as "rare in southeastern and southern counties" of the Concho Basin but speculated that this impression may be due more to difficulty in catching fast-moving snakes than to actual scarcity - this is doubtful given that large numbers may be found under surface cover. Maxwell could find only 5 museum specimens from the Basin, one each from Concho, Crockett, and Schleicher counties and two from Menard County - TEL]</span></i></span><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></i><br />
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><br /></span></b> <b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">McAllister, C.T., M.C. Wooten, and T.L. King. 1981</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">. Geographic distribution. <i>Salvadora grahamiae lineata.</i> <i>Herpetol. Rev.</i> 12(2): 66. <i><span style="color: red;">[<b>Llano County</b> record, 13.4 kn S Llano, off TX 16. - TEL]</span></i> <o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><br /></span> <span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"> </span><b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Mecham, J. S. 1979</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">. The biogeographical relationships of the amphibians and reptiles of the Guadalupe Mountains. <i>Nat. Park Serv. Trans. Proc. Ser</i>. 4: 169-79. <o:p></o:p></span><br />
<strong><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><br /></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Milstead, W.W.</span></strong><span style="font-size: 10pt;">, <strong>J.S. Meacham, and H. McClintock. 1950. </strong>The amphibians and reptiles of the Stockton Plateau in northern Terrell County, Texas. <em>Tex. J. Sci</em>. 2(4): 543-562. </span><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">["Two specimens were collected on the Blackstone Ranch. One was from the cedar-savannah and one was from the cedar-ocotillo association. Blair collected an additional specimen in May from the cedar-ocotillo association near Gravel Springs. This animal, a female, laid nine eggs soon after capture, and two of these were hatched in the laboratory during the summer." - TEL]<o:p></o:p></span></i><br />
<b><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><br /></span></b> <b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Minton, S.A. 1958(1959).</span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> Observations on amphibians and reptiles of the Big Bend region of Texas. <i>Southwest. Nat.</i> 3: 28-54</span><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">. [Described </span></i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">S. grahamiae<i> as being "largely restricted to the foothills and mesas from about 3300 to 5500 feet." Usually seen on "mild, sunny mornings," his earliest specimen was found on 26 February. He also describes them as quick to escape in brushy cover, but tending to freeze on road surfaces. A female collected on 1 April deposited 6 eggs on 29 May. Three of these eggs hatched on 27-28 August, with the young measuring 263, 264, and 267 mm, and strongly resembling adults in pattern and coloration. - TEL]</i></span><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> <o:p></o:p></span><br />
<strong><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><br /></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Morafka, D.J. 1977. </span></strong><span style="font-size: 10pt;">A biogeographical analysis of the Chihuahuan desert through its herpetofauna. <em>Biogeographica</em> 9: 1-313.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">___________. <b>1977 (1978).</b> Is there a Chihuahuan Desert? A quantitative evaluation through a herpetofauna perspective. </span><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">In <i>Transactions of the symposium on the biological resources of the Chihuahuan desert region, United States and Mexico.</i> Eds. R.W. Wauer and D.H. Riskind, Ser. 3: 437-454. Alpine, Tex.: National Park Service.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><br /></span></b> <b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Mosaur, W. 1932</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">. The amphibians and reptiles of the Guadalupe Mountains of New Mexico and Texas. <i>Occas. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich.</i> 246: 1-18. <o:p></o:p></span><br />
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span></b> <b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Owen, J. G. 1989. </span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Patterns of herpetofaunal species richness: Relation to temperature, precipitation, and variance in elevation<i>. J. Biogeogr</i>. 16: 141-50. <o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><br /></span> <span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">________ </span><b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">and J. R. Dixon. 1989. </span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">An ecogeographic analysis of the herpetofauna of Texas. <i>Southwest. Nat.</i> 34(2): 165-80. <o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<b><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Porter, Stuart T. 1969. </span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">An ecological survey of the herpetofauna of Palo Pinto County, Texas. <i>M.S. Thesis, North Texas State Univ.</i> Pp. 1-55. </span><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">["</span></i><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">None of these were collected, but records from <b>Conant (1942)</b> and from specimens examined from the museums at North Texas State University (Denton, Texas) and Texas A. and M. University (College Station, Texas) indicate the presence of this snake in both the Oak Association and the Mesquite-Prairie Association. The Texas patch-nosed snake has a western distribution, but reaches its northeastern limit in Palo Pinto County." - TEL]</span></i><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span></b> <b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Ramirez-Bautista, A., X. Hernandez-Ibarra, and R. Torres-Cervantes. 2000. </span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Natural history notes: <i>Salvadora grahamiae lineata </i>(Texas Patch-nosed Snake). Diet. <i>Herpetol. Rev.</i> 31(3): 180. <i><span style="color: red;">[A 5 g, 45 mm SVL partially digested </span></i><span style="color: red;">Sceloporus s. scalaris<i> was removed from the stomach of a 573 mm specimen of this species taken on the road between Las Lagunas and La Noria de las Flores, San Luis Potosi. - TEL]<o:p></o:p></i></span></span><br />
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span></b> <b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Ramsey, L.W. 1951</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">. New localities for several Texas snakes. <i>Herpetologica</i> 7: 176. <o:p></o:p></span><br />
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span></b> <b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Raun, G.G. 1959</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">. Terrestrial and aquatic vertebrates of a moist, relict area in Central Texas. <i>Tex. J. Sci</i>. 14: 3-6.<br />
<i><span style="color: red;">[The author considered this species to be a western form near the eastern limits of its distribution in the vicinity of the relictual moist area partially contained within the Palmetto State Park, Gonzales County, Texas. It was confined to the Post Oak-Blackjack vegetational community. - TEL]<o:p></o:p></span></i></span><br />
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span></b> <b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">_________. 1965b</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">. <i>A Guide to Texas Snakes</i>. Tex. Mem. Mus. Notes 9. <i><span style="color: red;">[Account consists of a very brief sketch of the three forms of </span></i><span style="color: red;">Salvadora<i> found in Texas. Includes a key to the forms, a black-and-white photo of </i>S. g. lineata<i>, a vague description of the range, food, habitat, and reproduction of each, as well as a notation of which of <b>Blair's (1950)</b> biotic provinces of Texas the form may be found. Not a particularly helpful reference. - TEL]</i></span> <o:p></o:p></span><br />
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span></b> <b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">_________. 1966b</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">. A population of woodrats (<i>Neotoma micropus</i>) in southern Texas. Bull. Tex. Mem. Mus. 11 <i><span style="color: red;">[Listed as a "presumed" predator of </span></i><span style="color: red;">N. micropus<i>, but such would be possible, given the size differential, only on newborn rat pups. - TEL]</i></span><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span></b> <b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">_________. and F.R. Gehlbach. 1972</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">. Amphibians and reptiles in Texas. <i>Dallas Mus. Nat. Hist. Bull</i>. 2: 1-61.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span></b> <b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Rosen, P.C. 2005</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">. Lowland riparian herpetofaunas: The San Pedro River in southeastern Arizona. USDA Forest Ser. Proc. Pp. 106-111. <i><span style="color: red;">[A survey of museum records from areas within two miles of the riparian bottomland of the river yielded no </span></i><span style="color: red;">Salvadora grahamiae<i>, but it was listed as "expected" to occur in the "upper basin in Mexico, which has not been extensively surveyed." Nine specimens of </i>S. hexalepis<i>, however, were found to be vouchered from the entire US reach of the river. - TEL]<o:p></o:p></i></span></span><br />
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><br /></span></b> <b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Schmidt, K.P. 1940</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">. Notes on Texas snakes of the genus <i>Salvadora</i>. <i>Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Zool. Ser</i>. 24: 143-150.<br />
<i><span style="color: red;">[The original description of this taxon as a full species, based upon a specimen from Kingsville, Texas. In hindsight it seems remarkable that Schmidt, in this same paper, described </span></i><span style="color: red;">S. deserticola<i> as a subspecies of </i>S. hexalepis<i>, but failed to notice the substantial resemblance between his </i>S. lineata<i> and </i>S. grahamiae<i> - TEL]</i> </span><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span></b> <b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">_________. 1953</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">. <i>A checklist of North American amphibians and reptiles</i>. Chicago: Univ. of Chicago Press.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span></b> <b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">_________. and D.D. Davis. 1941</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">. <i>Field book of snakes of the United States and Canada</i>. New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">_________. and T.F. Smith. 1944</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">. Amphibians and reptiles of the Big Bend region of Texas. <i>Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Zool. Ser.</i> 29:75-96 <i><span style="color: red;">["</span></i></span><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">Two specimens from the Basin, collected by the writers in 1937, were discussed by the senior author in his description of the east Texan </span></i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">Salvadora lineata<i>. The Chisos population of </i>grahamiae<i> is<o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
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<i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">widely isolated from that of southern Arizona, and affords a taxonomic problem for further study." - TEL]<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span></b> <b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Seifert, W. 1978d</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">. Geographic distribution. <i>Salvadora grahamiae lineata</i>. <i>Herpetol Rev.</i> 9(2): 62. <i><span style="color: red;">[<b>Robertson County</b> record, 4.8 km S Franklin. - TEL]<o:p></o:p></span></i></span><br />
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span></b> <b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Smith, H.M. 1938d</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">. Notes on the snakes of the genus <i>Salvadora</i>. <i>Univ. Kans. Sci. Bull</i>. 25: 229-237.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span></b> <b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">_________. and H. K. Buechner. 1947</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">. The influence of the Balcones Escarpment on the distribution of amphibians and reptiles in Texas. <i>Bull. Chi. Acad. Sci</i>. 8(1): 1-16. <o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span> <span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">_________ <b>and D. Chiszar. 1997</b>. New records for amphibians and reptiles from Texas. <i>Herpetol. Rev</i>. 28: 99-100. <i><span style="color: red;">[<b>Willacy County</b> record, 6.3 km E Porfirio. - TEL] <o:p></o:p></span></i></span><br />
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span></b> <b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">_________, P.A. Langbartel, and K.L. Williams. 1964</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">. Type-specimens in the University of Illinois Museum of Natural History. III. <i>Biol. Monogr</i>. 32: 1-80.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span></b> <b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">_________ and O. Sanders. 1952a</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">. Distributional data on Texas amphibians and reptiles. <i>Tex. J. Sci</i>. 4: 204-219.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span></b> <b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">_________. and E.H. Taylor. 1945</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">. An annotated checklist and key to the snakes of Mexico. <i>Bull. U.S. Natl. Mus. </i>187:1-239.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span></b> <b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">________. 1950a. </span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Type localities of Mexican reptiles and amphibians. <i>Univ. Kans. Sci. Bull</i>. 33:313-379.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span></b> <b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Stallcup, W.B. 1961</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">. Notes on the vertebrate collection in the Department of Biology, Southern Methodist University<i>. J. Grad. Res. Ctr</i>. 29: 66-69.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span></b> <b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Stebbins, R. C. 1954. </span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Amphibians and reptiles of western North America. New York: McGraw-Hill.</span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span></b> <b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">____________. 1966</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">. <i>A field guide to western reptiles and amphibians</i>. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span></b> <b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Stone, W. 1903</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">. A collection of reptiles and batrachians from Arkansas, Indian Territory, and western Texas. <i>Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila</i>. 55: 538-542.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span> <span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">__________. <b>1911</b>. On some collections of reptiles and batrachians from the western United States. <i>Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila</i>. 63: 222-232.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span></b> <b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Strecker, J.K. 1908a</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">. The reptiles and batrachians of Victoria and Refugio counties, Texas. <i>Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash</i>. 21: 47-52.<b> <o:p></o:p></b></span><br />
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span></b> <b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">____________. 1908c</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">. The reptiles and batrachians of McLennan County, Texas. <i>Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash</i>. 21: 69-84.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span> <span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">____________. <b>1926d</b>. A list of reptiles and amphibians collected by Louis Garni in the vicinity of Boerne, Texas. <i>Contr. Baylor Univ. Mus</i>. 6: 3-9.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><br /></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">____________. 1928e</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">. Common English and folk names for Texas amphibians and reptiles. <i>Contr. Baylor Univ. Mus. </i>16:1-21.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><br /></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">____________. 1930.</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"> A catalogue of the amphibians and reptiles of Travis County, Texas. </span><i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Contr. Baylor Univ. Mus</span></i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">. 23: 1-16.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">____________. <b>1935f</b>. The reptiles of West Frio Canyon, Real County, Texas. <i>Baylor Univ. Bull</i>. 38:32.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">____________ <b>and J.E. Johnson. 1935</b>. Notes on the herpetology of Wilson County, Texas. <i>Baylor Univ. Bull</i>. 38:17-23.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span> <span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">____________ <b>and W.J. Williams. 1927</b>. Herpetological records from the vicinity of San Marcos, Texas, with distributional data on the amphibians and reptiles of the Edwards Plateau region and Central Texas. <i>Contr. Baylor Univ. Mus</i>. 12: 1-16.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<b><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Swanson, R. L. 2009. </span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Temporal and spatial trends of the amphibians, reptiles, and mammals of the relict Ottine Wetlands. MS Thesis, Texas State Univ. </span><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">83 pp. </span><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[Swanson failed to find this species during a 16-month study, while <b>Raun (1959)</b> found one specimen during a 10-month study fifty years earlier, further supporting the contention that it is at the eastern limit of its distribution in this area. This taxon is generally common where it occurs. - TEL]</span></i><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span></b> <b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Taggart, T.W., K.J. Irwin, and A. Sweetman. 1994</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">. Geographic distribution. <i>Salvadora grahamiae</i>. <i>Herpetol. Rev. </i>25: 77<i>. <span style="color: red;">[<b>Hamilton County</b> record, just SE of the jct. of Rt. 281 and the Bosque River. - TEL]</span></i><o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Tennant, A. 1984</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">. <i>The snakes of Texas</i>. <st1:city w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Austin</st1:place></st1:city>: <st1:state w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Texas</st1:place></st1:state> Monthly Press.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span></b> <b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">__________. 1985</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">. <i>A field guide to Texas snakes</i>. Austin: Texas Monthly Press. <o:p></o:p></span><br />
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span></b> <b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">__________. 1998</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">. <i>A field guide to Texas snakes</i>. 2<sup>nd</sup> edition. Houston: Gulf Publishing. <o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">__________. and Bartlett, R.D. 2000</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">. <i>Snakes of North America - Eastern and Central Regions</i>. Gulf Publishing, Houston, TX, 588 pp. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Turner, D.S., P.A. Holm, E.B. Wirt, and C.R. Schwalbe 2003</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">. Amphibians and reptiles of the Whetstone Mountains, Arizona. <i>Southwest. Nat</i>. 48(3): 347-355<i><span style="color: red;">. [Study documented the presence of both </span></i><span style="color: red;">Salvadora grahamiae <i>and </i>S. hexalepis<i> in the range. The latter was found in Madrean Woodland during the summer and in Semidesert Grassland during the spring. Habitat of </i>S. grahamiae<i> was not mentioned. - TEL]<o:p></o:p></i></span></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Upton, S.J. and C.T. McAllister. 1990</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">. The <i>Eimeria</i> (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) of Serpentes, with descriptions of three new species from colubrid snakes. <i>Can. J. Zool</i>. 68: 855-864.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Vermersch, T.G. and R.E. Kuntz. 1986</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">. <i>Snakes of South <st1:place w:st="on">Central Texas</st1:place></i>. Eakin Press, <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:city w:st="on">Austin</st1:city>, <st1:state w:st="on">Texas</st1:state></st1:place>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Ward, R., E.G. Zimmerman and T.L. King. 1990</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">. Multivariate analyses of terrestrial reptile distribution in Texas: An alternate view. <i>Southwest. Nat</i>. 35:441-445.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Wauer, R.H. 1980</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">. <i>Naturalist's Big Bend. An introduction to the trees and shrubs, wildflowers, cacti, mammals, birds, reptiles and amphibians, fish and insects.</i> College Station: TexasA&M University Press.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;"><br /></span></b> <b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">Werler, J.E., and J.R. Dixon. 2000. </span></b><i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Texas Snakes. Identification, distribution, and natural history</span></i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">. Austin: University of Texas Press. <o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">Worthington, R.D. 1976</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">. Herpetofauna of the Franklin Mountains, El Paso County, Texas. In <i>El Paso Geological Society symposium on the Franklin Mountains</i>, ed. D.V. Lemone and E.M.P. Lovejoy, 205-212. El Paso: <br />El Paso Geological Society Quinn Memorial Volume<i><span style="color: red;">. [Simply stated that the status of populations of this species in the Franklin Mountains was not known - TEL]<o:p></o:p></span></i></span></div>
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span></b> <b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Wright, A. H., and A. A. Wright. 1952</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">. List of the snakes of the United States and Canada by states and provinces. <i>Am. Midl. Nat</i>. 48(3): 574-603. <o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span></b> <b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">___________________________. 1957. </span></b><i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Handbook of snakes of the United States and Canada.</span></i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"> Ithaca, N. Y.: Comstock Publishing Co<i>. </i><o:p></o:p></span>Tom Lotthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00201548346973561680noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-212420547045451837.post-10274910525629914012016-01-18T11:31:00.000-06:002016-01-24T18:38:20.216-06:00Rock Rattlesnake (Crotalus lepidus) <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 14pt;">An Annotated Bibliography of the <br />Rock Rattlesnake<br />(<i>Crotalus lepidus</i> Kennicott)</span></b><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10pt;">Compiled by Tom Lott [TEL] - Last updated: </span><span style="font-size: 10pt;">18 January 2016</span><span style="font-size: 10pt;">.</span></div>
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<i><span style="color: red; font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt;">[These bibliographies and their annotations are an <b>on-going project</b>. I have many comments on papers that I have not yet posted but I will attempt to attend to this task as time allows. Comments proffered in the annotations are strictly my own opinions and should be taken as such. If you wish to comment or supply additional references that I have overlooked, you may contact me via E-mail. To correspond with me, send email to: tomlott [at]thornscrub[dot]com. Thanks for reading, Tom Lott]</span></i><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: 8pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Anon. 1978. </span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Species listings for nongame regulations. <i>Tex. Parks Wildl. Dept. Broch</i>. 9000-52: 1-22. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Anon. 1981</span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">. Mottled rock rattlesnake: A camouflage artist. <i>Chihuahuan Desert Disc</i>. 9:7.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Axtell, R. W. 1959b</span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">. Amphibians and reptiles of the Black Gap Wildlife Management Area, Brewster County, Texas. <i>Southwest. Nat</i>. 4(2): 88-109. </span><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">["Two (♂,♀) rock rattlesnakes were collected, both from basalt rubble habitats. Several others were seen in the same habitat, but they escaped capture by crawling into crevices. Although the group worked extensively in limestone areas, no </span></i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">lepidus<i> were encountered.<br /> "This snake displayed color adaptation tendencies for the igneous rock habitat. Both specimens had a vivid pinkish-red hue, with excessive amounts of dark mottling between the regular dark bands.<o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
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<i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;"> "One captive ate a large </span></i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">Cnemidophorus tigris<i> and a </i>Holbrookia texana<i> that were placed in the collecting bag with it." <o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
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<i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;"> Axtell's group consisted of 14 graduate students in geology and zoology who spent five weeks in June and July of 1951 at Black Gap. This was during the notorious drought of 1950-1956, perhaps explaining their failure to encounter some of the species now known to inhabit the area. - TEL]<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10pt;">________. <b>1977(1978).</b> Ancient playas and their influence on the recent herpetofauna of the northern Chihuahuan desert. In <i>Transactions of the symposium on the biological resources of the Chihuahuan desert region, United States and Mexico.</i> Eds. R.W. Wauer and D.H. Riskind, Ser. 3: 493-512. Alpine, Tex.: National Park Service.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Bailey, V. 1905</span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">. Biological survey of Texas. <i>North Am. Fauna</i> 25: 1-222.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Baker, R.J., Mengden, G.A., and J.J. Bull. 1972</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">. Karyotypic studies off thirty-eight species of North American snakes. <i>Copeia</i> 1972(2): 257-265. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Barker, D.G. 1992</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">. Variation, infraspecific relationships and biogeography of the ridgenose rattlesnake, <i>Crotalus willardi</i>. In <i>Biology of the pitvipers</i>, ed. J.A. Campbell and E.D. Brodie, Jr., 89-105. Tyler, Tex.: Selva.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Bartlett, R.D. 1971</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">. The pit vipers of the United States. <i>Bull. Chi. Herpetol. Soc</i>. 6(2): 29-39. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Beaman, K.R. & Hayes, W.K. 2008</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">. Rattlesnakes: Research Trends and Annotated Checklist. In: Hayes et al. (eds), <i>The biology of rattlesnakes</i>. Loma Linda University Press, pp. 5-16 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Beaupre, S.J. 1993</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">. An ecological study of oxygen consumption in the mottled rock rattlesnake, <i>Crotalus lepidus lepidus </i>and the black-tailed rattlesnake, <i>Crotalus molossus molossus</i>, from two populations. <i>Physiol. Ecol</i>. 66(3): 437-454.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">_______. <b>1995a</b>. Effects of geographically variable thermal environment on bioenergetics of mottled rock rattlesnakes. <i>Ecology</i> 76(5): 1655-1665.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">_______. <b>1995b.</b> Comparative ecology of the mottled rock rattlesnake, <i>Crotalus lepidus</i>, in Big Bend National Park. <i>Herpetologica</i> 51(1): 45-56. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">_______ . <b>1996.</b> Field metabolic rate, water flux, and energy budgets of mottled rock rattlesnakes, <i>Crotalus lepidus</i>, from two populations. <i>Copeia</i> 1996(2): 319-329.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<strong><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><br /></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Blair, W.F. 1949</span></strong><span style="font-size: 10pt;">. The biotic provinces of Texas. <em>Texas J. Sci.</em> 2(1):93-117.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Bogert, C.M. and W.G. Degenhardt. 1961.</span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> An Addition to the Fauna of the United States, the Chihuahua Ridge-nosed Rattlesnake in New Mexico. </span><i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Am. Mus. Novit</span></i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">. 2064: 1-15<i><span style="color: red;">. [Referring to </span></i><span style="color: red;">C. l. klauberi<i> in the Animas Mountains, Hidalgo Co.: "</i></span></span><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">Another small rattler, </span></i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">Crotalus lepidus klauberi<i>, is largely restricted to the mountains, </i></span><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">though it is seldom encountered. Zeller obtained but two specimens, one in Bear Canyon, at 5650 feet, east of Animas Peak, and one at a similar elevation in Indian Creek where the junior author obtained a specimen at 5900 feet. It is improbable, nevertheless, that </span></i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10pt;">C. 1. klauberi<i>, primarily an inhabitant of rocky areas, occurs in the wooded habitat occupied by </i>C. w. silus {= C. w. obscurus}<i>." - TEL]</i></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Borja, Miguel; David Lazcano, Gerardo Martínez-Romero, Jesús Morlett, Elda Sánchez, Ana C. Cepeda-Ni 2013.</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"> Intra-specific Variation in the Protein Composition and Proteolytic Activity of Venom of <i>Crotalus lepidus morulus</i> from the Northeast of Mexico. <i>Copeia</i> 2013(4): 707-716</span>.<span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span></b> <b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;">Boulenger, E.G. 1896</span></b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;">. <i>Catalogue of the snakes in the British Museum</i>, vol. 3. London: Taylor and Francis. <o:p></o:p></span><br />
<b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span></b> <b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;">Boundy, J. 1995.</span></b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;"> Maximum lengths of North American Snakes. <i>Bull. Chicago Herpetol. Soc</i>. 29(6): 109-122. <br />
</span><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">[Cites the maximum length of the nominate subspecies as 775 mm (30.5 in., </span></i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">fide<i> <b>Tennant 1984</b>, from Val Verde Co., Texas) and that of </i>C. l. klauberi<i> as 828 mm (32.6 in., </i>fide<i> <b>Klauber 1952</b>, from Santa Barbara, Chihuahua) - TEL]</i></span><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><br /></span></b> <b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Brown, A.E. 1901a</span></b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">. A review of the genera and species of American snakes north of Mexico. <i>Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. </i>53:10-110.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span></b> <b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;">Brown, B. C. 1950</span></b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;">. <i>An annotated check list of the reptiles and amphibians of Texas</i>. Waco: Baylor University Studies. <o:p></o:p></span><br />
<b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span></b> <b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;">Bryson, R.W. and Lazcano, D. 2005</span></b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;">. <i>Gerrhonotus parvus. Reptilia</i> (GB) (39): 69-72 [<b><a href="http://www.reptilia.net/html_english/index.htm">PDF</a></b>] <o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Bryson, R.W., Jr.; Murphy, R.W., Lathrop, A. and D. Lazcano-Villareal 2011</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">. Evolutionary drivers of phylogeographical diversity in the highlands of Mexico: a case study of the <i>Crotalus triseriatus</i> species group of montane rattlesnakes. <i>Journal of Biogeography</i> 38: 697–710 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><br /></span></b> <b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Campbell, J.A. and W.W. Lamar. 1989</span></b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">. <i>The venomous reptiles of Latin America</i>. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><br /></span></b> <b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Campbell, J.A. and W.W. Lamar. 2004</span></b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">. <i>The venomous reptiles of the Western Hemisphere</i>. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><br /></span></b> <b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Chaney, A.H. and R.E. Gordon. 1954</span></b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10pt;">. Notes on a population of <i>Sceloporus merriami merriami</i> Stejneger. <i>Tex. J. Sci. </i>6(1): 78-82.</span><br />
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<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Conant, R. 1955</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">. Notes on three Texas reptiles, including an addition to the fauna of the state. <i>Am. Mus. Novit</i>. 1726: 1-6<i><span style="color: red;">. [Provided corroboration for the presence of this species on the Edwards Plateau (10 mi. SW Leakey, Real Co.) first noted in Gloyd (1940). Quotes extensively from a communication from Theo Telotte, a rancher in the area: </span></i></span><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">"We find these snakes at an altitude of between 2500' and 2750'. The terrain is very rough, rocky, hill country with some needle grass, mountain laurels, and scrub black walnut, oak, and cedar trees. <br /> "They are usually found out in the open during the cool early morning hours, and in the shade up until 9:30 or 10:00 A.M. They then usually crawl under rocks, in caves, or under logs or debris during the heat of the day and remain there until the cool of the evening. They will then crawl out and rest upon the tops of logs, stumps, or rocks. They are hard to see with inexperienced eyes, as they blend in perfectly with the surrounding terrain. Usually where you find one, you find another one close by somewhere. I brought in four more from my ranch this week and about fifteen this summer.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;"> "I captured two on Sunday, July 11, about 25' apart. One was resting on a tree stump about 4 1/2' above the ground. He had to crawl at an angle of about 45° to get there. The other was lying peacefully on the edge of a concrete stock watering trough about 2' above the ground. These can be found any time of the day by turning over large rocks or looking under logs or debris, but they are more easily caught at night, early morning, or evening when they are in the open. They are slow movers and easily captured after being located.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;"> "We find their colors vary considerably. This year we have caught one with a pinkish tint, one a light green, one a light grey, and one darker greyish-black. We also notice a great variation in the black markings, as some are considerably darker than others. We captured one that was injured and died. Upon opening it, we found its stomach to contain a lizard, a large grasshopper, and a few smaller caterpillar-type bugs. We know they also eat small rodents such as field mice, small gophers, and almost anything that is not too big for them to handle." - TEL]<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span></b> <b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;">_______ . 1958</span></b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;">. <i>A field guide to reptiles and amphibians of the United States and Canada east of the 100<sup>th</sup> meridian</i>. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co. </span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">_______ . 1975</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">. <i>A field guide to the reptiles and amphibians: Eastern and central North America. </i>2<sup>nd</sup><i> </i>edition. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span></b> <b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;">_______ . and J. T. Collins. 1991</span></b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;">. <i>A field guide to the reptiles and amphibians: Eastern and central North America.</i> Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co. </span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span></b> <b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;">_______ . and ______. 1998</span></b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;">. <i>A field guide to the reptiles and amphibians: Eastern and central North America. </i>3<sup>rd</sup> edition (expanded) Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co. <o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<b><span style="font-family: "timesnewroman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Contreras-Lozano, J.A., Lazcano, D., Contreras-Balderas, A.J. and P.A. Laví n-Murcio. 2010</span></b><span style="font-family: "timesnewroman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">. Notes on Mexican Herpetofauna 14: An Update to the Herpetofauna of Cerro El Potosí, Galeana, Nuevo León, México. </span><i><span style="font-family: "timesnewroman,bold" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Bull. Chicago Herpetol. Soc.</span></i><span style="font-family: "timesnewroman,bold" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"> 45(3): 41-46<i><span style="color: red;">. [Deletes this species from the fauna of this locality (strictly defined) as was erroneously reported in a prior publication (Anon. 2000). - TEL]</span></i></span><i><span style="color: red; font-family: "timesnewroman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span></b> <b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;">Cope, E. D. 1900</span></b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;">. The crocodilians, lizards, and snakes of North America. <i>Annu. Rept. U.S. Natl. Mus.</i> 1898: 155-1294. <o:p></o:p></span><br />
<b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span></b> <b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;">Crimmins, M.L. 1927a</span></b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;">. Notes on Texas rattlesnakes. <i>Bull. Antivenin Inst. Am</i>. 1(1): 23-24.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><br /></span></b> <b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">_______ . 1927b</span></b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">. Facts about Texas snakes and their poison. <i>Tex. State. J. Med</i>. 23(3): 198-203.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><br /></span></b> <b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">_______ . 1946</span></b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">. The treatment of poisonous snake bites in Texas. <i>Proc. Trans. Tex. Acad. Sci</i>. 24: 54-61. <o:p></o:p></span><br />
<b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><br /></span></b> <b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Crouse, H.W. 1902</span></b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">. The venomous snakes and spiders of Texas. <i>Trans. State Med. Assoc</i>. (unpaginated reprint).<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><br /></span></b> <b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Degenhardt, W.G. and W.W. Milstead. 1959</span></b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">. Notes on a second specimen of the snake <i>Tantilla cucullata</i> Minton. <i>Herpetologica</i> 15(3): 158-159. </span><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">[Merely states that </span></i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">C. l. lepidus<i> was among the species that were frequently observed by the senior author during his fieldwork in the pinyon-juniper-oak association of Green Gulch, Chisos Mountains, BBNP, Texas, the same vegetational association in which a single specimen of </i>Tantilla cucullata <i>was collected by the junior author on 1 August 1957 - TEL]</i></span><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"> <o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Degenhardt, W.G., Painter, C.W. and A. H. Price 1996</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">. <i>Amphibians and reptiles of New Mexico</i>. Univ. New Mexico Press, 431 pp. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Dickerson, R.W. and C.W. Painter. 2001</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">. Natural history notes: <i>Crotalus lepidus lepidus</i>. Diet. <i>Herpetol. Rev</i>. 32:46 <i><span style="color: red;">[An adult female (TTL=556mm) DOR specimen collected in the Davis Mountains, Jeff Davis County, contained a partially digested </span></i><span style="color: red;">Phrynosoma hernandezi<i> (100mm S-V) - TEL]</i></span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><br /></span></b> <b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Dixon, J.R. 1956</span></b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">. The mottled rock rattlesnake, <i>Crotalus lepidus lepidus</i>, in Edwards County, Texas. <i>Copeia</i> 1956(2): 126-127.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span></b> <b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;">Dixon, J. R. 1987.</span></b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;"> <i>Amphibians and reptiles of Texas</i>. W. L. Moody, Jr., Nat. Hist. Ser. 8. College Station: Texas A&M University Press.</span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span></b> <b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;">_______ . 1993.</span></b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;"> Supplement to the literature for the <i>Amphibians and reptiles of Texas</i>. 1987. <i>Smithson. Herpetol. Info. Serv</i>. 94: 1-43.</span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span></b> <b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;">_______ . 2000.</span></b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;"> <i>Amphibians and reptiles of Texas</i>. 2<sup>nd</sup> Ed. W. L. Moody, Jr., Nat. Hist. Ser. 25. College Station: Texas A&M University Press.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span></b> <b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;">_______ . 2013.</span></b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;"> <i>Amphibians and reptiles of Texas</i>. 3rd Ed. W. L. Moody, Jr., Nat. Hist. Ser. 25. College Station: Texas A&M University Press. </span><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">[Contains 110 literature citations for this species. Retains questionable Maverick County record in range map and designates Hudspeth County records as </span></i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">klauberi<i>. - TEL]</i></span><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<strong><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span></strong> <strong><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;">_______ . and J.E. Werler. 2005.</span></strong><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;"> <em>Texas Snakes: A Field Guide</em>. Austin: University of Texas Press. <o:p></o:p></span><br />
<b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><br /></span></b> <b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">do Amaral, A. 1927</span></b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">. The anti-snake bite campaign in Texas and in the subtropical United States. <i>Bull. Antivenin Inst. Am. </i>1(3): 77-85.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><br /></span> <span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">_______ . <b>1929.</b> Key to the rattlesnakes of the genus <i>Crotalus </i>Linne, 1758. <i>Bull. Antivenin Inst. Am.</i> 3(1): 4-6.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Dorcas, M.E. 1992</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">. Relationships among montane populations of <i>Crotalus lepidus</i> and <i>Crotalus triseriatus</i>. </span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">In <i>Biology of the pitvipers</i>, ed. J.A. Campbell and E.D. Brodie, Jr., 71-87. Tyler, Tex.: Selva</span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">. <i><span style="color: red;">[</span></i></span><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">"</span><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">In this study fifty different characters were examined including those of lepidosis, color pattern, body proportions, hemipenes, and the skeleton. Twenty-seven of these characters were subsequently found to be informative and analyzed cladistically. Several phylogenies were produced in which </span></i><b><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">Crotalus triseriatus aquilus<i> </i></span></b><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">and </span></i><b><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">Crotalus lepidus<i> </i></span></b><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">consistently formed a monophyletic group differing from <b>Crotalus triseriatus </b>by several derived characters. I propose that </span></i><b><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">Crotalus aquilus<i> </i></span></b><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">Klauber, therefore, be assigned full species status." from abstract - TEL]</span></i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"> [<b><a href="http://www.bio.davidson.edu/people/midorcas/research/Reprints/Dorcas%201992%20-%20Relationships%20among%20montane%20popultions%20of%20Crotalus%20lepidus%20and%20Crotalus%20triseriatus%20-%20Biology%20of%20the%20Pitvipers.pdf">PDF</a></b>] </span></div>
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<b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;">Dunham, A.E. 1981</span></b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;">. Populations in a fluctuating environment: The comparative population ecology of the iguanid lizards <i>Sceloporus merriami</i> and <i>Urosaurus ornatus</i>. <i>Univ. Mich. Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool</i>. 158:1-62. <o:p></o:p></span><br />
<b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span></b> <b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;">Falck, E.G. 1940</span></b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;">. Food of an eastern rock rattlesnake in captivity. <i>Copeia </i>1940(4): 135. <o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Farallo, Vincent R. 2009. </span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"> Predation and the Evolution of Color Polymorphism in the Mottled Rock Rattlesnake (<i>Crotalus lepidus lepidus</i>). MS thesis, Texas State Univ. [<b><a href="https://digital.library.txstate.edu/handle/10877/4193">PDF</a>]</b> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Farallo, V.R. and M.R.J. Forstner. 2012</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">. Predation and the Maintenance of Color Polymorphism in a Habitat Specialist Squamate. PLoS ONE 7(1): e30316. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.<i>0030316 <span style="color: red;"> ["</span></i></span><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">Our results showed that models contrasting with substrate coloration suffered significantly more avian attacks relative to models mimicking substrates. Predation attempts on blotched models were similar in each substrate type. These results support the hypothesis that color pattern is maintained by selective predation." - TEL] </span></i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">[<b><a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0030316">PDF</a></b>] <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span></b> <b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;">Foote, R. and J.A. MacMahon. 1977</span></b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;">. Electrophoretic studies of rattlesnake (<i>Crotalus</i> and <i>Sistrurus</i>) venom: Taxonomic implications. <i>Comp. Biochem. Physiol</i>. 57B(3): 235-241. <o:p></o:p></span><br />
<b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span></b> <b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;">Forstner, M.R.J., Hilsenbeck, R.A. and J.F. Scudday. 1997</span></b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;">. Geographic variation in whole venom profiles from the mottled rock rattlesnake (<i>Crotalus lepidus lepidus</i>) in Texas. <i>J. Herpetol</i>. 37(2): 277-287.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span></b> <b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;">Garman, S.W. 1883 (1884).</span></b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;"> The reptiles and batrachians of North America. I. Ophidia. <i>Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool</i>. 8(3): 1-185. <o:p></o:p></span><br />
<b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span></b> <b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;">Gloyd, H.K. 1936</span></b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;">. The subspecies of <i>Crotalus lepidus</i>. <i>Occas. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich</i>. 337: 1-5. <o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span> <span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;">_______ . <b>1940</b>. <i>The rattlesnakes, genera </i>Sistrurus<i> and </i>Crotalus. <i>Spec. Publ. Chi. Acad. Sci</i>. 4: 1-270. <o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Gloyd, H.K. and H.M. Smith. 1942</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">. Amphibians and reptiles from the Carmen Mountains, Coahuila. <i>Bulletin of the Chicago Academy of Sciences </i>6 (13): 231-235 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span> <span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;">_______ . <b>1944</b>. Texas snakes. <i>Tex. Geogr</i>. 8: 1-18. <o:p></o:p></span><br />
<b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><br /></span></b> <b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Golay, P., Smith, H.M., Broadley, D.G., Dixon, J.R., McCarthy, C., Rage, J.C., Schatti, B., and M. Toriba. 1993</span></b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">. <i>Endoglyphs and other major venomous snakes of the world</i>. Cairo, Egypt: Azemiops, S.A. <o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Goldberg, S.R. 2000</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">. Reproduction in the Rock Rattlesnake, <i>Crotalus lepidus</i> (Serpentes: Viperidae). <i>Herpetological Natural History</i> 7(1):83-86 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><br /></span></b> <b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Harris, H.S. and R.S. Simmons. 1978</span></b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">. A preliminary account of the rattlesnakes with the description of four new subspecies<i>. Bull. Md. Herpetol. Soc</i>. 14(3): 105-211.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><br /></span></b> <b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Holte, A.E. and M.A. Hauck. 2000</span></b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">. Juvenile greater roadrunner (Cuculidae) killed by choking on a Texas horned lizard (Phrynosomatidae). <i>Southwest. Nat</i>. 45:74-76.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><br /></span></b> <b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Holycross, A.T., C.W. Painter, D.E. Prival, D.E. Swann, M.J. Schroff, T. Edwards, and C.R. Schwalbe. 2002</span></b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">. Diet of <i>Crotalus lepidus klauberi</i> (banded rock rattlesnake). <i>J. Herpetol</i>. 36:589-597. <br />
</span><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">[<b>REF: </b></span></i><b><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">klauberi</span></b><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">: "ABSTRACT.—We describe the diet of </span></i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">Crotalus lepidus klauberi<i> (Banded Rock Rattlesnake) using samples collected in the field and from museum specimens, as well as several records from unpublished reports. Most records (approximately 91%) were from the northern Sierra Madrean Archipelago. Diet consisted of 55.4% lizards, 28.3% scolopendromorph centipedes, 13.8% mammals, 1.9% birds, and 0.6% snakes. </i>Sceloporus<i> spp. comprised 92.4% of lizards. Extrapolation suggests that </i>Sceloporus jarrovii<i> represents 82.3% of lizard records. Diet was independent of geographic distribution (mountain range), sex, source of sample (stomach vs. intestine/feces), and age class. However, predator snout–vent length differed significantly among prey types; snakes that ate birds were longest, followed in turn by those that ate mammals, lizards, and centipedes. Collection date also differed significantly among prey classes; the mean date for centipede records was later than the mean date for squamate, bird, or mammal records. We found no difference in the elevation of collection sites among prey classes. - TEL]<o:p></o:p></i></span><br />
<b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><br /></span></b> <b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Huang, T.T., Lewis, S.R., and B.S. Lucas III. 1975</span></b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">. <i>Venomous snakes</i>. In <i>Dangerous plants, Snakes, arthropods, and marine life in Texas.</i> 123-142. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><br /></span></b> <b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Jameson, D.L. and A.G. Flury. 1949</span></b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">. Reptiles and amphibians of the Sierra Vieja. <i>Tex. J. Sci</i>. 1(2): 54-79.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><br /></span></b> <b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Jester, S.L., Adams, C.E., and J.K. Thomas. 1990</span></b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">. <i>Commercial trade in Texas nongame wildlife</i>. College Station: Texas Agricultural Experimental Station.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><br /></span></b> <b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Kauffeld, C.F. 1960</span></b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">. The search for <i>subocularis</i>. <i>Bull. Phila. Herpetol. Soc</i>. 8(2): 13-19. <o:p></o:p></span><br />
<b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><br /></span></b> <b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Kennicott, R. 1861</span></b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">. On three new forms of rattlesnakes. <i>Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila</i>. 13: 206-208. </span><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">[The original description, based upon two heads (only), one from Presidio del Norte and one from Eagle Pass, Texas. The type locality was subsequently restricted to Presidio by ___, but the likely inaccurately labeled Eagle Pass specimen apparently remains the sole basis for including Maverick County within the range of this species - TEL]<br />
</span></i><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">[<b><a href="http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/6885">PDF</a></b>] (consists of entire volume)<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><br /></span></b> <b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Klauber, L.M. 1952</span></b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">. Taxonomic studies of the rattlesnakes of mainland Mexico. <i>Bull. San Diego Zool. Soc</i>. 26: 1-143. <o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><br /></span> <span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">_______ . <b>1956</b>. <i>Rattlesnakes, their habits, life histories, and influence on mankind</i>. 2 vols. Berkeley: University of California Press.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">_______. 1972</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">. </span><i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Rattlesnakes, their habits, life histories, and influence on mankind</span></i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">. 2 vols. Second edition. Berkeley: University of California Press.</span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<b><s><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><br /></span></s></b> <b><s><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">LaDuc, T.J. and C.R. Infante. 2001</span></s></b><s><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">. New Texas county records of amphibians and reptiles. <i>Herpetol. Rev</i>. 32:284-285</span></s><i><s><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">.</span></s></i><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;"> [Incorrectly listed as a citation for </span></i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">C. lepidus<i> in <b>Dixon 2013</b>, this paper contains no information on this species. - TEL]</i></span><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;"><br /></span></b> <b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">Lazcano, D., Contreras-Lozano, J.A., Gallardo-Valdez, J., García del Peña, C. and G. Castañeda.</span></b><b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;"> </span></b><b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">2009.</span></b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;"> Notes on Mexican Herpetofauna 11: Herpetological Diversity in Sierra “Cerro de La Silla” (Saddleback Mountain), Nuevo León,</span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;"> </span><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">Mexico. <i>Bull. Chicago Herpetol. Soc</i>. 44(2): 21-27</span><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">. [Present in the "Cerro de la Silla" natural protected area of Nuevo Leon, Mexico at elevations up to 2835 m. - TEL]</span></i><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><br />
<br />
</span><b><span style="font-family: "timesnewroman,bold" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">________., A. Kardon, R. J. Muscher and J. A. Contreras-Lozano. 2011. </span></b><span style="font-family: "timesnewroman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Notes on Mexican Herpetofauna 16: Captive Husbandry–Propagation of the Exiled Mexican Garter Snake, </span><i><span style="font-family: "timesnewroman,italic" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Thamnophis exsul </span></i><span style="font-family: "timesnewroman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Rossman, 1969</span><span style="font-size: 10pt;">. <i>Bull. Chi. Herpetol. Soc.</i> 46(2):13-14. </span><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">[Provides a list of species sympatric with </span></i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">Thamnophis exsul<i> in Nuevo Leon, Mexico, including: "</i></span><i><span style="color: red; font-family: "timesnewromanpsmt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Galeana false brook salamander, </span></i><span style="color: red; font-family: "timesnewromanpsmt,italic" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Pseudoeurycea galeanae</span><i><span style="color: red; font-family: "timesnewromanpsmt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">; primeval flatfooted salamander, </span></i><span style="color: red; font-family: "timesnewromanpsmt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">C</span><span style="color: red; font-family: "timesnewromanpsmt,italic" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">hiropterotriton priscus</span><i><span style="color: red; font-family: "timesnewromanpsmt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">; spotted chirping frog, </span></i><span style="color: red; font-family: "timesnewromanpsmt,italic" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Eleutherodactylus </span><span style="color: red; font-family: "timesnewromanpsmt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">(</span><span style="color: red; font-family: "timesnewromanpsmt,italic" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Syrrhophus</span><span style="color: red; font-family: "timesnewromanpsmt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">) </span><span style="color: red; font-family: "timesnewromanpsmt,italic" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">guttilatus</span><i><span style="color: red; font-family: "timesnewromanpsmt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">; graphic spiny lizard, </span></i><span style="color: red; font-family: "timesnewromanpsmt,italic" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Sceloporus grammicus</span><i><span style="color: red; font-family: "timesnewromanpsmt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">; minor lizard, </span></i><span style="color: red; font-family: "timesnewromanpsmt,italic" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Sceloporus minor</span><i><span style="color: red; font-family: "timesnewromanpsmt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">; blue-bellied lizard, </span></i><span style="color: red; font-family: "timesnewromanpsmt,italic" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Sceloporus parvus</span><i><span style="color: red; font-family: "timesnewromanpsmt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">; torquate lizard, </span></i><span style="color: red; font-family: "timesnewromanpsmt,italic" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Sceloporus torquatus</span><i><span style="color: red; font-family: "timesnewromanpsmt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">; northern alligator lizard, </span></i><span style="color: red; font-family: "timesnewromanpsmt,italic" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Barisia ciliaris</span><i><span style="color: red; font-family: "timesnewromanpsmt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">;mountain horned lizard, </span></i><span style="color: red; font-family: "timesnewromanpsmt,italic" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Phrynosoma orbiculare</span><i><span style="color: red; font-family: "timesnewromanpsmt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">; Nuevo León graceful brown snake, </span></i><span style="color: red; font-family: "timesnewromanpsmt,italic" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Rhadinaea montana</span><i><span style="color: red; font-family: "timesnewromanpsmt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">; Texas patch-nosed snake, </span></i><span style="color: red; font-family: "timesnewromanpsmt,italic" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Salvadora grahamiae lineata</span><i><span style="color: red; font-family: "timesnewromanpsmt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">; Mexican yellow-bellied brown snake, </span></i><span style="color: red; font-family: "timesnewromanpsmt,italic" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Storeria hidalgoensis</span><i><span style="color: red; font-family: "timesnewromanpsmt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">; Mexican highland garter snake, </span></i><span style="color: red; font-family: "timesnewromanpsmt,italic" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Thamnophis pulchrilatus</span><i><span style="color: red; font-family: "timesnewromanpsmt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">; <b>Tamaulipan rock rattlesnake, </b></span></i><b><span style="color: red; font-family: "timesnewromanpsmt,italic" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Crotalus lepidus morulus</span></b><i><span style="color: red; font-family: "timesnewromanpsmt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">; Mexican black-tailed rattlesnake, </span></i><span style="color: red; font-family: "timesnewromanpsmt,italic" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">C. molossus nigrescens</span><i><span style="color: red; font-family: "timesnewromanpsmt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">, and eastern twin-spotted rattlesnake, </span></i><span style="color: red; font-family: "timesnewromanpsmt,italic" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">C. pricei miquihuanus.<i>" - TEL] </i></span><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;"><br />
</span></i><b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><br />Mata-Silva, V., S. Dilks, and J.E. Johnson. 2010</span></b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">. Natural history notes: <i>Crotalus lepidus</i> (rock rattlesnake). Diet. <i>Herpetol. Rev</i>. 41(2):235-236. </span><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">[Reports an adult male </span></i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">C. l. lepidus<i> (625mm TTL) consuming an adult </i>Hypsiglena jani<i> at the Indio Mountains Research Station, Hudspeth County, Texas. - TEL]</i></span><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span></b> <b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;">Mata-Silva, V., Johnson, J.D., and A. Rocha. 2011</span></b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;">. <i>Crotalus lepidus</i>: Feeding behavior. <i>Herpetol. Rev</i>. 42(3): 439</span><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">. [Vicente Mata-Silva, Jerry D. Johnson, and Arturo Rocha of the University of Texas at El Paso were following a radio-transmitter-equipped adult male Mottled Rock Rattlesnake (</span></i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">Crotalus l. lepidus</span><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">) at the university's Indio Mountain Research Station in Hudspeth County, Texas when they found the snake near a dying Greater Earless Lizard (</span></i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">Cophosaurus texanus</span><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">). That the lizard had been struck and envenomated was surmised from two bloody puncture wounds on its dorsal surface. Shortly thereafter the snake began what was described as "frenzied" tongue-flicking searching behavior. Locating the lizard, the snake grasped it by the head, dragged it beneath a nearby bush, and commenced the swallowing process. - TEL]<o:p></o:p></span></i><br />
<strong><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><br /></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Marr, J.C. 1944. </span></strong><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Notes on amphibians and reptiles from the central United States. <em>Am.</em><strong> </strong><em>Midl</em><strong>. </strong><em>Nat</em><strong>.</strong> 32(2): 478-490.<br />
</span><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">[Lists one specimen collected in Jeff Davis County, Texas (no additional locality information) on 5 May 1942, which was not preserved, but which contained two lizards, one of which was a </span></i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">Sceloporus poinsettii<i>. - TEL]<o:p></o:p></i></span><br />
<b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span></b> <b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;">Martin, P.S. 1958</span></b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;">. A biogeography of reptiles and amphibians in the Gomez Farias Region, Tamaulipas, Mexico. <i>Miscellaneous publications, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan</i> (101): 1-102 + 7 plates<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<b><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><br /></span></b> <b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Mather, C.M., and J.R. Dixon. 1976</span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">. Geographic records of some Texas amphibians and reptiles. <i>Herpetol. Rev</i>. 7(3): 127</span><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">. [<b>Bandera County record</b>. TCWC 49228. However, the locality listed for this number, retrieved through HerpNet, specifies a <b>Uvalde County locality</b>, 8.0 mi S Sabinal, collected on 28 October 1971, collector not listed. Additionally, when a search specifically for Bandera County records is conducted on HerpNet, a record for two specimens (LSU 79904-5) collected 10.4 mi W Vanderpool on "TX 337" (= RR 337), on 2 November 1968, again with collector not listed. Also, I personally collected two specimens W of Tarpley in 1966 - TEL] <o:p></o:p></span></i><br />
<b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span></b> <b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;">Maxwell, T.C. 2013. </span></b><i><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;">Wildlife of the Concho Valley</span></i><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;">. College Station: Texas A&M Univ. Press. 292 pp.<br />
</span><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">[Marginal in distribution to the Concho Valley; recorded from only two counties: Crockett and Schleicher. Provides little new information. - TEL]</span></i><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span></b> <b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;">McAllister, C.T., C.R. Bursey, and J.F. Roberts. 2004</span></b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;">. <i>Physocephalus sexalatus</i> (Nematoda: Spiruida: Spirocercidae) in three species of rattlesnakes, <i>Crotalus atrox</i>, <i>Crotalus lepidus</i>, and <i>Crotalus scutulatus</i>, from southwestern Texas. <i>J. Herpetol. Med. Surg</i>. 14:10-12. <o:p></o:p></span><br />
<b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span></b> <b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;">Mecham, J. S. 1979</span></b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;">. The biogeographical relationships of the amphibians and reptiles of the Guadalupe Mountains. <i>Nat. Park Serv. Trans. Proc. Ser</i>. 4: 169-79. <o:p></o:p></span><br />
<b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span></b> <b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;">Milstead, W.W. 1953</span></b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;">. Ecological distribution of the lizards of the La Mota Mountain region of Trans-Pecos. <i>Tex. J. Sci.</i> 5(4): 403-415.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<strong><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><br /></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 10pt;">_______ . 1960a. </span></strong><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Supplementary notes on the herpetofauna of the Stockton Plateau. <em>Tex. J. Sci.</em> 12(3): 228-231. <o:p></o:p></span><br />
<strong><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><br /></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Milstead, W.W.</span></strong><span style="font-size: 10pt;">, <strong>J.S. Meacham, and H. McClintock. 1950. </strong>The amphibians and reptiles of the Stockton Plateau in northern Terrell County, Texas. <em>Tex. J. Sci</em>. 2(4): 543-562.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<b><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><br /></span></b> <b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Minton, S.A. 1955</span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">. Some health problems for the medical zoologist in the Big Bend country. <i>Ind. Univ. Med. Ctr. Q. Bull.</i> (October): 81-84. <o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="font-size: 10pt;"><br /></span> <span style="font-size: 10pt;">_______ . </span><b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;">1959</span></b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;">. Observations on amphibians and reptiles of the Big Bend region of Texas. <i>Southwest. Nat</i>. 3: 28-54. </span><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">["These snakes were obtained near rock slides and ledges coiled in the open in daylight. All were found on overcast days or after rain. They seem less nocturnal than other local rattlesnakes. A very small one, 183 mm. in total length and apparently only a few days old, was collected August 4. One taken near Fort Davis and sent to the Lincoln Park Zoo gave birth to 3 young on August 23." They are described as "Characteristic of rocky areas 4700 to 7500 feet elevation." - TEL]<o:p></o:p></span></i><br />
<b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span></b> <b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;">Mitchell, J.D. 1903</span></b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;">. The poisonous snakes of Texas, with notes on their habits. <i>Trans. Tex. Acad. Sci</i>. 5(2): 19-48. <o:p></o:p></span><br />
<strong><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><br /></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Morafka, D.J. 1977. </span></strong><span style="font-size: 10pt;">A biogeographical analysis of the Chihuahuan desert through its herpetofauna. <em>Biogeographica</em> 9: 1-313.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span></b> <b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;">Murray, L.T. 1939</span></b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;">. Annotated list of amphibians and reptiles from the Chisos Mountains. <i>Contrib. Baylor Univ. Mus.</i> 24: 4-16.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span></b> <b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;">Olson, R.E. 1967</span></b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;">. Peripheral range extensions and some new records of Texas amphibians<b> </b>and reptiles. <i>Tex J. Sci</i>. 19(1): 99-106. Errata: 329. <o:p></o:p></span><br />
<b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span></b> <b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;">Owen, J. G. 1989. </span></b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;">Patterns of herpetofaunal species richness: Relation to temperature, precipitation, and variance in elevation<i>. J. Biogeogr</i>. 16: 141-50. <o:p></o:p></span><br />
<b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span></b> <b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;">Owen, J. G., and J. R. Dixon. 1989. </span></b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;">An ecogeographic analysis of the herpetofauna of Texas. <i>Southwest. Nat.</i> 34(2): 165-80. <o:p></o:p></span><br />
<b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span></b> <b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;">Platt, S. G. and T.R. Rainwater. 2009</span></b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;">. An elevation record for <i>Crotalus lepidus lepidus</i> (Kennicott, 1861) in the Davis Mountains of west Texas. <i>Jour. Kans. Herpetol</i>. 30: 12</span><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">. <i>[Authors found an adult </i>C. lepidus<i> at the summit of Blue Mountain, a prominent peak 13 Km W of Fort Davis. The elevation was 2220 meters (=7286 ft), exceeding a previous report from the Davis Mtns. of 2073 m on Mt. Locke. Notes that this species has been found as high as 2600 m in the Guadalupe Mtns., however - TEL]</i></span><i><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></i><br />
<b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span></b> <b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;">Price, A.H. 1998</span></b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;">. <i>Poisonous snakes of Texas</i>. Austin: Texas Parks and Wildlife Press.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<b><s><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span></s></b> <b><s><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;">Price, M.S. 2009f</span></s></b><s><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;">. Geographic distribution. <i>Tantilla hobartsmithi</i> (Smith's black-headed snake). <i>Herpetol. Rev</i>. 40:117.</span></s><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;"> </span><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">[Incorrectly listed as a citation for </span></i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">C. lepidus<i> in <b>Dixon 2013</b>, this paper contains no information on this species. - TEL]</i></span><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span></b> <b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;">Price, M.S. 2010</span></b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;">. <i>A guide to the rock rattlesnakes of the united states</i>. Eco Herpetological Publishing, Rodeo, New Mexico, 160 pp. </span><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">[See my online review of this booklet <a href="http://southwesternherp.com/cgi-bin/yabb2/YaBB.pl?num=1268182550"><b>HERE</b> </a> - TEL]<o:p></o:p></span></i><br />
<b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span></b> <b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;">Quinn, H.R. 1981</span></b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;">. Life history notes. <i>Crotalus lepidus lepidus</i>. <i>Herpetol. Rev</i>. 12(3): 79-80. </span><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">["In September or October, 1975, a male </span></i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">C. I. lepidus<i> was collected 38.6 km north of Comstock in Val Verde Co., Texas. The body of the specimen is light gray and patternless dorsally, and cream-colored ventrally (Fig. 1). Small flecks of gray pigment occur randomly on the ventral scales. Its tail is cream-colored, except that the distal 1/3 of the ventral surface is rust-colored. Scale counts fall within the range for </i>C. I. lepidus<i>. Snout-vent length in November 1979 was 56.4 cm, and the animal appears to have grown little since collection." - TEL]</i></span><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span></b> <b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;">Rael, E.D., J.D. Johnson, O. Molena, and H.K. McCrystal. 1992.</span></b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;"> Distribution of a Mojave toxin-like protein in rock rattlesnake (<i>Crotalus lepidus</i>) venom. In <i>Biology of the Pitvipers</i>, ed. J.A. Campbell and E.D. Brodie Jr., 163-169. Tyler, TX: Selva.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span></b> <b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;">Raun, G.G. 1965b</span></b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;">. <i>A Guide to Texas Snakes</i>. Tex. Mem. Mus. Notes 9. <o:p></o:p></span><br />
<b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span></b> <b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;">______. 1966b</span></b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;">. A population of woodrats (<i>Neotoma micropus</i>) in southern Texas. Bull. Tex. Mem. Mus. 11<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span></b> <b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;">Raun, G.G. and F.R. Gehlbach. 1972</span></b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;">. Amphibians and reptiles in Texas. <i>Dallas Mus. Nat. Hist. Bull</i>. 2: 1-61. </span><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">[Lists 56 citations; provides a county map without Bandera, Kerr, or Kimble records, but which does include Maverick Co.; no comments in the taxonomic synopsis section - TEL]</span></i><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;"> <o:p></o:p></span><br />
<b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span></b> <b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;">Russell, F.E. 1980</span></b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;">. Snake venom poisoning in the United States. Annu. Rev. Med. 31:247-259. <o:p></o:p></span><br />
<b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span></b> <b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;">Schmidt, K.P. 1953</span></b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;">. <i>A checklist of North American amphibians and reptiles</i>. Chicago: Univ. of Chicago Press.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span></b> <b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;">_________. and D.D. Davis. 1941</span></b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;">. <i>Field book of snakes of the United States and Canada</i>. New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">_________. and T.F. Smith. 1944</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">. Amphibians and reptiles of the Big Bend region of Texas. <i>Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Zool. Ser.</i> 29:75-96<i><span style="color: red;">. ["</span></i></span><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">Six specimens from higher levels in the Basin and from rock slides at the west base of the peak of Mount Emory." - TEL]<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">________. and D.W. Owens. 1944</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">. Amphibians and reptiles of northern Coahuila, Mexico. <i>Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Zool. Ser.</i> 29:97-115<i><span style="color: red;">. ["</span></i></span><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">Two snake specimens of this rattlesnake were collected in the Sierra de La Gloria, near Monclova, August 5, 1939. They agree closely, with dorsal scales 23-23-17, ventrals 168 and 165, and caudals 29 and 23. The larger specimen measures 700 mm., tail 59. These specimens are topotypes of </span></i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">Crotalus palmeri<i> Garman." - TEL]</i></span><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span></b> <b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;">Schuett, G.W. 1992</span></b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;">. Is long-term storage an important component of the reproductive biology of temperate pitvipers. In <i>Biology of the Pitvipers</i>, ed. J.A. Campbell and E.D. Brodie Jr., 169-184. Tyler, TX: Selva.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span></b> <b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;">Schwartz, A. and W.A. Babis. 1949</span></b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;">. Extension of the range of <i>Crotalus lepidus klauberi</i>. <i>Copeia</i> 1949: 74. <o:p></o:p></span><br />
<b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span></b> <b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;">Seifert, W., F. Rainwater and T. Kasper. 1973</span></b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;">. Significant range extension with field and lab notes for the reticulated gecko, <i>Coleonyx reticulatus</i> Davis and Dixon. <i>Southwest. Nat</i>. 18:101-103.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span></b> <b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;">Smith, H. M., and H. K. Buechner. 1947</span></b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;">. The influence of the Balcones Escarpment on the distribution of amphibians and reptiles in Texas. <i>Bull. Chi. Acad. Sci</i>. 8(1): 1-16. <o:p></o:p></span><br />
<b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span></b> <b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;">Smith, H.M. and E.H. Taylor. 1945</span></b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;">. An annotated checklist and key to the snakes of Mexico. <i>Bull. U.S. Natl. Mus. </i>187:1-239.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span></b> <b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;">________. 1950a. </span></b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;">Type localities of Mexican reptiles and amphibians. <i>Univ. Kans. Sci. Bull</i>. 33:313-379.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span></b> <b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;">Stebbins, R. C. 1954. </span></b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Amphibians and reptiles of western North America. New York: McGraw-Hill.</span><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span></b> <b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;">____________. 1966</span></b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;">. <i>A field guide to western reptiles and amphibians</i>. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span></b> <b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;">Stejneger, L. 1895.</span></b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;"> The poisonous snakes of North America. Ann. Rept. U.S. Natl. Mus. 1895:337-487.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">__________. 1902.</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"> The reptiles of the Huachuca Mountains, Arizona. <i>Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus.</i> 25: 149-158. <i><span style="color: red;">[(</span></i><b><span style="color: red;">Klauberi</span></b><i><span style="color: red;">): </span></i></span><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">"</span></i><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">Two specimens from Fort Huachuca have been sent in by Dr. Wilcox (Nos. 19672, 21100),one without head. This rare snake seems to be not uncommon in this region, as four specimens were collected by Mr. Price near Fort Lowell and in the Huachuca Mountains."</span></i><i><span style="color: red; font-family: "courier"; font-size: 6.5pt;"> </span></i><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">- TEL]</span></i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Strasser, M.A. 1931</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">. An encounter between a collared lizard and a rattlesnake. <i>Bull. Antivenin Inst. Am</i>. 5:41<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Strecker, J.K. 1928e</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">. Common English and folk names for Texas amphibians and reptiles. <i>Contr. Baylor Univ. Mus. </i>16:1-21.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Tanner, Wilmer W., James R. Dixon and Herbert S. Harris 1972</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">. A new subspecies of <i>Crotalus lepidus</i> from western Mexico. <i>Great Basin Naturalist</i> 32 (1):16-24</span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Taylor, E.H. 1944</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">. Two new species of Crotalid snakes from Mexico. <i>Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull</i>. 30 (4): 47-56 <i><span style="color: red;">[Description of "</span></i><span style="color: red;">Crotalus semicornutus<i>" from Mojarachic, Chihuahua, as a full species in typical Taylor fashion, even though it was obviously within the </i>lepidus<i> group. Relegated to the synonymy of </i>C. l. klauberi<i> by Klauber (1952) - TEL]<o:p></o:p></i></span></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Tennant, A. 1984</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">. <i>The snakes of Texas</i>. <st1:city w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Austin</st1:place></st1:city>: <st1:state w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Texas</st1:place></st1:state> Monthly Press.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span></b> <b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;">Tennant, A. 1985</span></b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;">. <i>A field guide to Texas snakes</i>. Austin: Texas Monthly Press. <o:p></o:p></span><br />
<b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span></b> <b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;">Tennant, A. 1998</span></b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;">. <i>A field guide to Texas snakes</i>. 2<sup>nd</sup> edition. Houston: Gulf Publishing. <o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Tennant, A. & Bartlett, R.D. 2000</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">. <i>Snakes of North America - Eastern and Central Regions</i>. Gulf Publishing, Houston, TX, 588 pp. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span></b> <b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;">Turner, D.S., Holm, P.A., Wirt, E.B. and C.R. Schwalbe. 2003</span></b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;">. Amphibians and reptiles of the Whetstone Mountains, Arizona. <i>Southwest. Nat</i>. 48(3):347-355.</span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"> </span><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">[Documents the presence of </span></i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">C. l. klauberi<i> in the Whetstone Mountains near the purported northern boundary of the Madrean biogeographic zone. Most of their observations were from the "riparian forest" biotope during the springtime, but a few specimens were seen during spring and summer in the "Madrean woodland" zone, and in the summer in the "semidesert grassland" zone. </i>Crotalus willardi<i> was discovered here in 1991, and although this study made an intensive search for </i>C. pricei<i> on the highest peak of the range (Apache Peak) none were found. - TEL]<o:p></o:p></i></span><br />
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<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><br /></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Van Denburgh, J. 1922a</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">. <i>The reptiles of western North America. Vol. II, Snakes and turtles</i>. Occas. Pap. Calif. Acad. Sci. 10:617-1028.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Van Devender, T.R., C.H. Lowe, H.K. McCrystal and H.E. Lawler. 1992</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">. Viewpoint: Reconsider suggested systematic arrangements for some North American amphibians and reptiles. <i>Herpetol. Rev</i>. 23:10-14. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Vermersch, T.G. and R.E. Kuntz. 1986</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">. <i>Snakes of South <st1:place w:st="on">Central Texas</st1:place></i>. Eakin Press, <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:city w:st="on">Austin</st1:city>, <st1:state w:st="on">Texas</st1:state></st1:place>.<br />
<b><br />Vincent, J.W. 1982a. </b>Phenotypic variation in <i>Crotalus lepidus lepidus</i> (Kennicott). <i>J. Herpetol</i>. 16:189-191.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">___________. 1982b. </span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Color pattern variation in <i>Crotalus lepidus lepidus</i> (Viperidae) in southwestern Texas. <i>Southwest. Nat</i>. 27:263-272.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Ward, R., E.G. Zimmerman and T.L. King. 1990</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">. Multivariate analyses of terrestrial reptile distribution in Texas: An alternate view. <i>Southwest. Nat</i>. 35:441-445.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Wauer, R.H. 1980</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">. <i>Naturalist's Big Bend. An introduction to the trees and shrubs, wildflowers, cacti, mammals, birds, reptiles and amphibians, fish and insects.</i> College Station: TexasA&M University Press.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Werler, J.E. 1951</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">. Miscellaneous Notes on the Eggs and Young of Texan and Mexican Reptiles. <i>Zoologica</i> 36 (1): 37-48 + plates 1-17<i><span style="color: red;">. [Notes that a 512 mm TTL female from 13 miles south of Sheffield, Terrell County, Texas gave birth to three young (210-229 mm TTL, avg. = 217.6 mm) on 21 July 1950. The young were described as more vividly colored than the exceptionally light female and are recorded as having fed on </span></i><span style="color: red;">Sceloporus olivaceus<i>, small </i>Anolis carolinensis<i>, and new-born mice. A photo of the female and three young is included - TEL] </i></span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">__________. 1957</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">. <i>The poisonous snakes of Texas and the first aid treatment of their bites</i>. Bull. Tex. Game Fish Comm. 31.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">__________. 1964</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">. <i>The poisonous snakes of Texas and the first aid treatment of their bites</i>. Bull. Tex. Parks Wildlife Dept. 31 (rev.).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;"><br /></span></b> <b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">__________. and J.R. Dixon. 2000.</span></b><b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;"> </span></b><i><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;">Texas Snakes. Identification, distribution, and natural history</span></i><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">. Austin: University of Texas Press. <o:p></o:p></span><br />
<b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;"><br /></span></b> <b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">Werner, F. 1922</span></b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">. Synopsis der schlangenfamilien der Amblycephaliden und Viperiden. <i>Arch. Naturg</i>. 88:185-244.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;"> </span><b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Williamson, M.A., Hyder, P.W., and J. S. Applegarth. 1994</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">. <i>Snakes, Lizards, Turtles, Frogs, Toads & Salamanders of New Mexico: A Field Guide.</i> Santa Fe: Sunstone Press, 176 pp<i>. <span style="color: red;">[As </span></i><span style="color: red;">Crotalus lepidus<i>, without noting subspecies, provides color photo of a cleanly-banded </i>klauberi<i>, noted that it is "protected" in Eddy County, asserts that isolated populations are vulnerable to over collecting - TEL]</i></span><i><o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
<b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;"><br /></span></b> <b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">Worthington, R.D. 1976</span></b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">. Herpetofauna of the Franklin Mountains, El Paso County, Texas. In <i>El Paso Geological Society symposium on the Franklin Mountains</i>, ed. D.V. Lemone and E.M.P. Lovejoy, 205-212. El Paso: <br />El Paso Geological Society Quinn Memorial Volume. </span><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">["The Franklin Mountains exhibit two broad habitat types. The steep areas of sedimentary rocks (dominantly limestone) and igneous rocks constituting the main mountain mass comprise the roughlands. Variations in slope, altitude, drainage, and substrate make the roughlands a very complex unit. . . . <br /> "The roughlands habitat of the Franklin Mountains contains species not found in the bolson or Rio Grande flood plain habitats. These include:</span></i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">Bufo punctatus, Cnemidophorus uniparens, Urosaurus ornatus, Masticophis taeniatus, Trimorphodon biscutatus, Elaphe subocularis, <b>Crotalus lepidus</b><i>, and </i>Crotalus molossus<i>." - TEL]<o:p></o:p></i></span><br />
<b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span></b> <b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;">Wright, A. H., and A. A. Wright. 1952</span></b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;">. List of the snakes of the United States and Canada by states and provinces. <i>Am. Midl. Nat</i>. 48(3): 574-603. <o:p></o:p></span><br />
<b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span></b> <b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;">Wright, A. H., and A. A. Wright. 1957. </span></b><i><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;">Handbook of snakes of the United States and Canada.</span></i><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;"> Ithaca, N. Y.: Comstock Publishing Co<i>. </i><o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Wüster, W. and R.S. Bérnils. 2011</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">. On the generic classification of the rattlesnakes, with special reference to the Neotropical <i>Crotalus durissus</i> complex (Squamata: Viperidae). <i>ZOOLOGIA</i> 28 (4): 417–419 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br />Tom Lotthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00201548346973561680noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-212420547045451837.post-69220555458958804512016-01-17T17:17:00.000-06:002016-12-31T10:38:31.185-06:00Texas Alligator Lizard (Gerrhonotus infernalis) <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 12pt;">An Annotated Bibliography of the Texas Alligator Lizard <br />(<i>Gerrhonotus infernalis</i> Baird)</span></b><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10pt;">Compiled by Tom Lott [TEL] - Last updated: </span><!--[if supportFields]><span
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<i><span style="color: red; font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt;">[These bibliographies and their annotations are an on-going project. I have many comments on papers that I have not yet posted but I will attempt to attend to this task as time allows. Comments proffered in the annotations are strictly my own opinions and should be taken as such. If you wish to comment or supply additional references that I have overlooked, you may contact me via E-mail. To correspond with me, Email me at <b>tomlott[at]thornscrub[dot]com</b>. Thanks for reading, Tom Lott] </span></i><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: 8pt;"> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Axtell, R.W. 1959</span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">. Amphibians and reptiles of the Black Gap Wildlife Management Area, Brewster County, Texas<i>. Southwest Naturalist</i> 4(2): 88-109</span><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">. [Under the heading of "Questionable Forms," the author states: "Black Gap lies between two recorded populations of the Texas alligator lizard (Chisos Mts. and Edwards Plateau), but we were unable to find them. The less xeric highlands in our area however, do support them. I have seen a photograph of a specimen that was reportedly taken in the Dead Horse Mountains, several miles southwest of the area we were exploring. It was discovered in the spiny crown of a yucca about six off the ground." Axtell's group consisted of 14 graduate students in zoology and geology who spent five weeks of June and July in the area during the legendary 1950-1956 drought. - TEL]</span></i><i><span style="color: red; font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Bailey, V. 1905</span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">. Biological survey of Texas. <i>N. Amer. Fauna</i> 25. </span><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">[Classifies the species as "Upper Sonoran" in west Texas. Mentions but a single specimen collected at 6000 ft. in the Chisos Mountains. "It was nosing about in the dry leaves under scrub oaks on the mountain side in the manner peculiar to the individuals of the genus." There is no elaboration as to what these mannerisms might be -- TEL]</span></i><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="Baird,_S.F._1858"><b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Baird, S.F. 1858</span></b></a><span style="font-size: 10pt;">. Description of new genera and species of North American lizards in the museum of the Smithsonian Institution. <i>Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia</i> 10: 253-65 </span><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">[<i>Original description of </i>Gerronotus infernalis; <i>type locality:</i> <i>"Devils River, Texas."</i>--TEL] [<a href="http://itgmv1.fzk.de/www/itg/uetz/herp/library/PANSP/Baird_1858_253.pdf">PDF</a>] <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="color: #400040; font-size: 10.0pt;">Bartlett, R. D. 1994. </span></b><span style="color: #400040; font-size: 10.0pt;">Herping in Texas: The Big Bend. <i>Trop. Fish Hobby</i>. 42(11): 112, 114, 116-118, 120, 122-126.</span><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="color: #400040; font-size: 10.0pt;">Blair, A.P. 1950</span></b><span style="color: #400040; font-size: 10.0pt;">. Notes on two anguid lizards. <i>Copeia</i> 1950(1):57</span><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="color: #400040; font-size: 10.0pt;">Blair, W.F. 1949</span></b><span style="color: #400040; font-size: 10.0pt;">. The biotic provinces of Texas. <i>Texas J. Sci</i>. 2(1):93-117.</span><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="color: #400040; font-size: 10.0pt;">Brennan, J.N. 1945. </span></b><span style="color: #400040; font-size: 10.0pt;">Field investigations pertinent to Bullis fever: Preliminary report on the species of ticks and vertebrates occurring at Camp Bullis, Texas. <i>Tex. Rept. Biol. Med</i>. 3(1): 112-121.</span><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="color: #400040; font-size: 10.0pt;">Brooks, B. 1906</span></b><span style="color: #400040; font-size: 10.0pt;">. The anatomy of the internal urogenital organs of certain North American lizards. <i>Trans. Texas Acad. Sci.</i> 8:23-38. </span><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="color: #400040; font-size: 10.0pt;">Brown, B.C. 1950</span></b><span style="color: #400040; font-size: 10.0pt;">. <i>An annotated check list of the reptiles and amphibians of Texas</i>. Waco, Tex.:Baylor Univ. Studies. </span><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">[Provides locality records from ten Texas counties (only one {Brewster} from west of the Pecos River); "Remarks -- In spite of the fact that there are few records, </span></i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">Gerrhonotus liocephalus infernalis<i> is to be found throughout most of west Texas in suitable habitats. Its secretive habits make it uncommon in most collections. Even in areas where it occurs commonly, local residents look upon it as an oddity. . . . Natural history is not well known." -- TEL]</i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="color: #400040; font-size: 10.0pt;">Burkett, R.D. 1962</span></b><span style="color: #400040; font-size: 10.0pt;">. Two clutches of eggs in the lizard <i>Gerrhonotus liocephalus infernalis</i>. <i>Herpetologica</i> 18(3):211. </span><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="color: #400040; font-size: 10.0pt;">Carignan, J.M. 1988. </span></b><span style="color: #400040; font-size: 10.0pt;">Geographic distribution. <i>Gerronotus liocephalus infernalis. Herpetol. Rev</i>. 19(3): 60. </span><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">["Brewster Co.: Del Norte Mts., Seale Altuda Ranch, ca. 20.1 km E of Alpine off US Hwy 90. 29 August 1987. . . . Only prior known Brewster Co. population in Chisos Mts., Big Bend National Park (J. F. Scudday, pers. comm.). Extends range ca. 161 km N of Big Bend National Park and verifies hypothetical range connecting specimens from Big Bend National Park with specimens from east of the Pecos River . . . ." - TEL]<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<b><span style="color: #400040; font-size: 10.0pt;">Cochran, D.M. 1961.</span></b><span style="color: #400040; font-size: 10.0pt;"> Type specimens of reptiles and amphibians in the United States National Museum. <i>Bull. United States Natl. Mus</i>. 220:1-291<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Conant, R. 1958</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">. <i>A field guide to reptiles and amphibians of the <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">United States</st1:place></st1:country-region> and <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Canada</st1:place></st1:country-region> east of the 100<sup>th</sup> meridian</i>. <st1:city w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Boston</st1:place></st1:city>: Houghton Mifflin Co. <o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<b><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">_________.</span></b><b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> 1975</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">. <i>A field guide to the reptiles and amphibians: Eastern and central North America. </i>2<sup>nd</sup><i> </i>edition. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="color: #400040; font-size: 10.0pt;">_________. and J.T. Collins. 1991</span></b><span style="color: #400040; font-size: 10.0pt;">. <i>A field guide to reptiles and amphibians of eastern-central North America</i>. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co.</span><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="color: #400040; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">________________________. 1998</span></b><span style="color: #400040; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">. <i>A field guide to reptiles and amphibians of eastern-central North America</i>, 3<sup>rd</sup> edition (expanded). Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co.<br />
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</span><b><span style="font-family: "timesnewroman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Contreras-Lozano, J.A., Lazcano, D., Contreras-Balderas, A.J. and P.A. Laví n-Murcio. 2010</span></b><span style="font-family: "timesnewroman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">. Notes on Mexican Herpetofauna 14: An Update to the Herpetofauna of Cerro El Potosí, Galeana, Nuevo León, México. </span><i><span style="font-family: "timesnewroman,bold" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Bull. Chicago Herpetol. Soc.</span></i><span style="font-family: "timesnewroman,bold" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> 45(3): 41-46<i><span style="color: red;">. [Documents </span></i><span style="color: red;">G. infernalis<i> from this locality along with </i>Barisia ciliaris<i>; includes a monotone A. Kardon photo of the former - TEL]</i></span></span><i><span style="color: red; font-family: "timesnewroman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<b><span style="color: #400040; font-size: 10.0pt;">Cope, E.D. 1900</span></b><span style="color: #400040; font-size: 10.0pt;">. The crocodilians, lizards, and snakes of North America. <i>Ann. Rept. United States Natl. Mus.</i> 1898: 155-1294.</span><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="color: #400040; font-size: 10.0pt;">Cordes, J.E., J.M. Walker, and M.S. Calaway. 1987. </span></b><span style="color: #400040; font-size: 10.0pt;">Geographic distribution<i>. Gerronotus liocephalus infernalis. Herpetol. Rev.</i> 18(2): 40. </span><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">[<b>Burnet County</b> record, Longhorn Cavern State Park. - TEL]</span></i><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="color: #400040; font-size: 10.0pt;">Degenhardt, W.G., T.L. Brown, and D.A. Easterla. 1976</span></b><span style="color: #400040; font-size: 10.0pt;">. The taxonomic status of <i>Tantilla cucullata</i> and <i>Tantilla diabola</i>. <i>Texas J. Sci.</i> 17(1):225-234.</span><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="color: #400040; font-size: 10.0pt;">Degenhardt, W.G. and W.W. Milstead. 1959. </span></b><span style="color: #400040; font-size: 10.0pt;">Notes on a second specimen of the snake <i>Tantilla cucullata</i> Minton. <i>Herpetologica </i>15(3):158-159. </span><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;"> <i>[Incorrectly cited in an earlier on-line bibliography of this species as providing the first record of this taxon from the Davis Mountains of Texas. Actually the authors report that </i>T. cucullata<i> is found in similar habitats as </i>G. infernalis<i> in Green Gulch, in the <b>Chisos Mountains</b>, where it is well known. Despite some tantalizing anecdotal reports, </i>G. infernalis<i> remains officially unreported from the Davis Mtns. -- TEL]</i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="color: #400040; font-size: 10.0pt;">Ditmars, R.L. 1936</span></b><span style="color: #400040; font-size: 10.0pt;">. <i>The Reptiles of North America</i>. New York: Doubleday, Dorman & Co. Pub.</span><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="color: #400040; font-size: 10.0pt;">Dixon, J.R. 1987</span></b><span style="color: #400040; font-size: 10.0pt;">. <i>Amphibians and reptiles of Texas</i>. College Station: Texas A&M Press. </span><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">[<i>The source of most of the pre-1982 citations in this bibliography, it also contains county distribution maps, but does not list specific collection localities.</i> -TEL]</span><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="color: #400040; font-size: 10.0pt;">_________. 1993. </span></b><span style="color: #400040; font-size: 10.0pt;">Supplement to the literature for the <i>Amphibians and reptiles of Texas, 1987. Smithson. Herpetol. Info. Serv. </i>94:1-43.</span><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="color: #400040; font-size: 10.0pt;">_________. 1996b. </span></b><span style="color: #400040; font-size: 10.0pt;">Ten year supplement to Texas herpetological county records published in <i>Amphibians and reptiles of Texas, 1987. Texas Herpetol. Soc. Spec. Publ</i>. (2):1-64.<i> </i></span><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="color: #400040; font-size: 10.0pt;">_________. 2000</span></b><span style="color: #400040; font-size: 10.0pt;">. <i>Amphibians and reptiles of Texas</i>. (2<sup>nd</sup> edition). College Station: Texas A&M Press </span><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">[<i>Includes twenty-two additional citations for this taxon; declares the Dallas County (</i></span><a href="http://thornscrub.com/talbib.htm#Seifert, W.S. 1978"><b><span style="color: #ff6600; font-size: 10.0pt;">Seifert, W.S. 1978</span></b></a><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">) record to be an "accidental introduction." </span></i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">- TEL]<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">_______ . 2013.</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"> <i>Amphibians and reptiles of Texas</i>. 3rd Ed. W. L. Moody, Jr., Nat. Hist. Ser. 25. College Station: Texas A&M University Press. <i><span style="color: red;">[Includes 71 literature citations for this species, a color photo of a specimen from Nuevo Leon, Mexico, and includes a county-based distribution map with a gap in Terrell County, which has recently been filled (<b>Sager 2014</b>). New information in Remarks: "The superintendent of the state park just south of La Grange {the <b>Fayette County</b> record} recently photographed two individual alligator lizards along one of the park trails. This suggests a viable population still exists at this isolated location." I have reviewed this book <b><a href="http://cascabel.typepad.com/cascabel/2013/06/book-review-amphibians-and-reptiles-of-texas-3rd-edition.html" target="_blank">HERE</a></b>. - TEL]</span></i></span><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="color: #400040; font-size: 10.0pt;">Flury, A. 1949</span></b><span style="color: #400040; font-size: 10.0pt;">. <i>Gerrhonotus liocephalus infernalis</i> Baird in Texas. <i>Herpetologica</i> 5(3): 65-67. </span><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">[ Presents data from seven adult and two juvenile specimens kept in lab. States that "species appears to be uncommon in central Texas." Specimens were "collected on warm mornings in the spring or fall . . . except for three specimens collected on a midsummer morning after a light shower and a single specimen seen sunning itself on a warm December day." Stalking and feeding behavior is described. Captives fed on "grasshoppers, crickets, June Beetles, etc." Juveniles fed on larvae of dermestid beetles. Temperament is described as "gentle" except that juveniles were "more active and excitable than the adults." States that area ranchers use the names "copperhead lizard . . . , Gila monster, mountain boomer or barking lizard" and that most locals consider them to be venomous. Notes several fall copulations or attempts. Mating position is described. Records captive oviposition on 30 March and 11 May, of 14 and 22 eggs, respectively. Eggs of the first clutch had mean dimensions of 17.2mm X 10.5mm. Eggs of first clutch began hatching after forty-six days. Nine of eleven eggs (81.8%) of the first clutch hatched. The second clutch spoiled. Those hatchlings that were measured had a mean S-V length of 37.5mm. Coloration of adults and hatchlings is described. One of the best early natural history summaries for the species -- TEL]</span></i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="color: #400040; font-size: 10.0pt;">Garrett, J.M. and D.G. Barker. 1987</span></b><span style="color: #400040; font-size: 10.0pt;">. <i>A Field Guide to the Reptiles and Amphibians of Texas</i>. Austin: Texas Monthly Press.</span><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="color: #400040; font-size: 10.0pt;">Gehlbach, F.R. 1991. </span></b><span style="color: #400040; font-size: 10.0pt;">The east-west transition zone of terrestrial vertebrates in central Texas: A biogeographical analysis. <i>Tex. J. Sci</i>. 43(4): 415-427.</span><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="color: #400040; font-size: 10.0pt;">Good, D.A. 1988. </span></b><span style="color: #400040; font-size: 10.0pt;">Phylogenetic relationships among gerrhonotine lizards: An analysis of external morphology. <i>Univ. Calif. Publ. Zool.</i> 121:1-139.</span><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="color: #400040; font-size: 10.0pt;">Good, D.A. 1994. </span></b><span style="color: #400040; font-size: 10.0pt;">Species limits in the genus <i>Gerrhonotus</i> (Squamata:Anguidae). <i>Herpetol. Monogr</i>. 8: 180-202.</span><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="Good,_D.A._and_M.G._Wiedenfeld._1995."><b><span style="color: #400040; font-size: 10.0pt;">Good, D.A. and M.G. Wiedenfeld</span></b></a><span style="color: #400040; font-size: 10.0pt;">. 1995.</span><span style="color: #400040; font-size: 10.0pt;"> The holotype of the Texas alligator lizard, Gerrhonotus infernalis Baird (Squamata:Anguidae). <i>J. of Herpetol. </i>29(4): 628-630. </span><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">[Authors apply historical records (Kennerly's field notes) and some questionable information concerning the pre-Amistad environment of the Devils River Canyon to restrict the type locality of the species to "0-13 km N Baker's Crossing, Val Verde County, Texas," where it was collected on 8 November 1854 by Dr. Caleb Burwell Rowan Kennerly. The authors also seem to labor under the misconception that the species is limited to mesic conditions, but this paper is an interesting read anyway -- TEL]</span></i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="color: #400040; font-size: 10.0pt;">Greene, H.W. and B.E. Dial. 1966</span></b><span style="color: #400040; font-size: 10.0pt;">. Brooding behavior by a female Texas alligator lizard. <i>Herpetologica</i> 22(4):303.</span><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="color: #400040; font-size: 10.0pt;">Greene, H.W.; P.M. Ralidis, and E.W. Acuna. 2009. </span></b><i><span style="color: #400040; font-size: 10.0pt;">Texas Alligator Lizard</span></i><b><span style="color: #400040; font-size: 10.0pt;">. </span></b><span style="color: #400040; font-size: 10.0pt;">Pp. 492-495. In: Jones, L.C. and R.E. Lovich, eds, <i>Lizards of the American Southwest: A Photographic Field Guide</i>. Tucson, AZ: Rio Nuevo Publishers. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="color: #400040; font-size: 10.0pt;">Guttman, S.I. 1971</span></b><span style="color: #400040; font-size: 10.0pt;">. An electrophoretic analysis of the hemoglobins of old and new world lizards<i>. J. Herp</i>. 5(1-2):11-16.</span><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="color: #400040; font-size: 10.0pt;">Hampton, N. 1976.</span></b><span style="color: #400040; font-size: 10.0pt;"> Annotated checklist of the amphibians and reptiles of Travis County, Texas. Pp. 84-101 in <i>A bird finding and naturalist's guide for Austin, Texas, area</i>. Edited by E. Kutac and S. Caran. Austin, Tex.: Oasis Press.</span><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="color: #400040; font-size: 10.0pt;">Kauffeld, C.F. 1960a. </span></b><span style="color: #400040; font-size: 10.0pt;">The search for <i>subocularis. Bull. Phila. Herpetol. Soc.</i> 8(2): 13-19.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">Lazcano, D., Contreras-Lozano, J.A., Gallardo-Valdez, J., García del Peña, C. and G. Castañeda. 2009.</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;"> Notes on Mexican Herpetofauna 11: Herpetological Diversity in Sierra “Cerro de La Silla” (Saddleback Mountain), Nuevo León, Mexico. <i>Bull. Chicago Herpetol. Soc</i>. 44(2): 21-27<i><span style="color: red;">. [Present in the "Cerro de la Silla" natural protected area of Nuevo Leon, Mexicoat elevations of 1356-2835 m. - TEL]</span></i></span><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="color: #400040; font-size: 10.0pt;">Lichtenstein, H. 1856. </span></b><span style="color: #400040; font-size: 10.0pt;">Nomenclator Reptilium et Amphibiorum. Musei. zoologici berolinensis. Berlin.</span><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="color: #400040; font-size: 10.0pt;">McAllister, C.T. 1991d. </span></b><span style="color: #400040; font-size: 10.0pt;">First report of <i>Mesocestoides</i> sp. Tetrathyridia (Cyclophllidea: Mesocestoididae) in the Texas alligator lizard, <i>Gerrhonotus liocephalus infernalis</i> (Sauaria: Anguidae)<b> </b>from Coahuila, Mexico. <i>Tex. J. Sci</i>. 43(3): 325-326.</span><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="color: #400040; font-size: 10.0pt;">McCallion, J. 1945</span></b><span style="color: #400040; font-size: 10.0pt;">. Notes on Texas reptiles. <i>Herpetologica</i> 2(7-8):197-198. </span><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Maxwell, T.C. 2013. </span></b><i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Wildlife of the Concho Valley</span></i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">. College Station: Texas A&M Univ. Press. 292 pp. <i><span style="color: red;">[Considered a "marginal" inhabitant of the Conch Basin, especially from Crockett County. "Texas Alligator Lizards occur in and around Ozona but are more frequent to the southwest nearer the Pecos River. Although there are no cataloged museum specimens from the Concho Valley portion of Crockett County, as of the year 2010 there was a live specimen from Ozona on display in the San Angelo Nature Center." - TEL]<o:p></o:p></span></i></span></div>
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<b><span style="color: #400040; font-size: 10.0pt;">Milstead, W.W. 1960.</span></b><span style="color: #400040; font-size: 10.0pt;"> Relict Species of the Chihuahuan Desert. <i>Southwest. Nat.</i> 5(2):75-88. </span><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">[The author, in listing fourteen relict species of the Chihuahuan Desert, considers </span></i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">Gerrhonotus liocephalus<i> (=</i>infernalis<i>) as a possible relict as it meets at least one of his four criteria. He declines to do so, however, because of its "widespread distribution in . . . areas contiguous with the Chihuahuan Desert leaves considerable doubt as to whether or not they should really be thought of as disjunct species." Given that </i>G. infernalis<i> is currently considered a full species, one would wonder whether the late Dr. Milstead might reconsider his opinion on this -- TEL]</i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Miller, D. 1983</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">. The Texas alligator lizard. <i>Chihuahuan Desert Disc</i>. 6:3.</span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="color: #400040; font-size: 10.0pt;">Minton, S.A. 1959</span></b><span style="color: #400040; font-size: 10.0pt;">. Observations on amphibians and reptiles of the Big Bend region of Texas<i>. Southwest. Nat</i>. 3:28-54<i>. </i></span><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">["I obtained the species under logs in needle grass meadows and in the open or under rocks in the oak-pinyon-juniper forest. The slow, sinuous movements of this animal are very different from the scurrying of the desert lizards. The tail is prehensile. Large ones bite powerfully, and the short teeth produce painful scratches. The stomach of one specimen contained a scorpion and several large beetles. A very young alligator lizard, 45 mm. body length, was collected July 17." - TEL]<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br /></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Montoya-Ferrer, Daniel; D. Lazcano, and M. Garcia-Bastida. 2014. </span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Notes on Mexican Herpetofauna 23: An Unusual Injury to a Texas Alligator Lizard (<i>Gerrhonotus infernalis</i>) in Parque Ecologico Chipinque, San Pedro Garza Garcia, Nuevo Leon, Mexico. <i>Bull. Chicago Herp. Soc</i>. 49(9): 125-126. <i><span style="color: red;">[A male lizard collected in the month of January 2014 displayed an injured ocular cavity that appeared to contain decaying tissue. From this cavity was growing a ca. 3 mm filament of a moss of the family Fissidentaceae (</span></i><span style="color: red;">Fissidens<i> sp.) - TEL]</i></span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br /></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Morafka, D.J. 1977</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">. A biogeographical analysis of the Chihuahuan desert through its herpetofauna. <i>Biogeographica</i> 9:1-313.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="color: #400040; font-size: 10.0pt;">Murray, L.T. 1939</span></b><span style="color: #400040; font-size: 10.0pt;">. Annotated list of amphibians and reptiles from the Chisos Mountains. <i>Contrib. Baylor Univ. Mus</i>. 24:4-16.</span><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="color: #400040; font-size: 10.0pt;">Neck, R.W., D.H. Riskind. Undated [1977-78]. [</span></b><span style="color: #400040; font-size: 10.0pt;">Unpublished TPWD report.] Significant range extension and related environmental factors in a Gulf Coast population of the Texas alligator lizard, (Anguidae).</span><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="color: #400040; font-size: 10.0pt;">Neck, R.W., D.H. Riskind, and K. Peterson. 1979</span></b><span style="color: #400040; font-size: 10.0pt;">. Geographical distribution <i>Gerrhonotus liocephalus infernalis. Herp. Rev. </i>10(4):118. </span><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">["TEXAS: <b>Fayette Co</b>: Monument Hill and Kreische Brewery State Historic Sites, 3 km south LaGrange. 1 September 1978. 1.L. Jones and K. Von Minder. . . . Heretofore considered to be endemic to the<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">Texas Hill Country and adjacent physiographically similar areas in western Texas and northern Mexico (<b>Raun & Gehlbach, 1972.</b> Dallas Mus. Nat. Hist., Bull. 2:1-61), a viable population has been located 100 km SE of previous nearest specimens from Austin, Travis County. Habitat is wooded, dissected massif of calcareous Oakville Escarpment which supports flora and fauna characterized by outlying populations of species with Hill Country affinities." - TEL]<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<b><span style="color: #400040; font-size: 10.0pt;">Owen, J.G. 1989. </span></b><span style="color: #400040; font-size: 10.0pt;">Patterns of herpetofaunal species richness: Relation to temperature, precipitation, and variance in elevation. <i>J. Biogeogr. </i>16:141-150.</span><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="color: #400040; font-size: 10.0pt;">Owen, J.G. and J.R. Dixon. 1989. </span></b><span style="color: #400040; font-size: 10.0pt;">An ecogeographic analysis of the herpetofauna of Texas. <i>Southwest. Nat</i>. 34(2): 165-180.</span><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="color: #400040; font-size: 10.0pt;">Parmley, D. 1998b. </span></b><span style="color: #400040; font-size: 10.0pt;">Middle Holocene herpetofauna of Klein Cave, Kerr County, Texas. <i>Southwest. Nat</i>. 33(3): 378-382. </span><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">[Two dorsal osteoderms, presumably of this species, were found in late Pleistocene/early Holocene deposits in this cavern located ca. 20 km WSW of Mountain Home, Kerr County. Includes a SEM photo of one of the osteoderms. - TEL]</span></i><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="color: #400040; font-size: 10.0pt;">Pritchett, A.H. 1903</span></b><span style="color: #400040; font-size: 10.0pt;">. Some experiments in feeding lizards with protectively colored insects<i>. Biol. Bull</i>. 5:271-287.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Quijano, Fernando M. and David A. Good. 1994</span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">. Geographic distr.: <i>Gerrhonotus infernalis. </i></span><i><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Herpetol. Rev.</span></i><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"> 25(4): 164. </span><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[First record for the state of Hidalgo and a range extension southeastward of ca. 260 airline km from records reported by <b>Good (1994).</b> - TEL]</span></i><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="color: #400040; font-size: 10.0pt;">Rakowitz, V.A., R.R. Fleet, and F.L. Rainwater. 1983</span></b><span style="color: #400040; font-size: 10.0pt;">. New distributional records of Texas amphibians and reptiles. <i>Herp. Rev.</i> 14(3):85-89. </span><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">[Recorded a specimen from <b>Llano Co.,</b> TX (9.6 km W Llano, SFA-4267), collected on 10 August 1969 by J. Filecia -- TEL]</span></i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br /></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ralidis, Phillip and Edward Acuna. 2012</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">. Natural history observations of the anguid lizard <i>Gerrhonotu infernalis</i> (Baird, 1859) in Travis County, Texas (Lacertilia: Anguidae). <i>SWCHR Bulletin</i> 2(4): 3-6.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="color: #400040; font-size: 10.0pt;">Sager, Michael T. 2014. </span></b><span style="color: #400040; font-size: 10.0pt;">Geographical distribution. <i>Gerrhonotus infernalis. Herp. Rev. 45(3)</i>: 462. </span><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">[UTA photo vouchered record for <b>Terrell County</b>, Independence Creek Preserve; corroborates frequent amateur sightings and reports of this species from this county where its presence was a given - TEL] </span></i><b><span style="color: #400040; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="color: #400040; font-size: 10.0pt;">Schmidt, K.P. 1953.</span></b><span style="color: #400040; font-size: 10.0pt;"> <i>A check list of North American amphibians and reptiles</i>. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.</span><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="color: #400040; font-size: 10.0pt;">Schmidt, K.P. and T.F. Smith. 1944. </span></b><span style="color: #400040; font-size: 10.0pt;">Amphibians and reptiles of the Big Bend region of Texas. <i>Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Zool. Ser</i>. 29:75-96.<b> </b></span><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">[<b>"</b></span></i><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">The alligator lizard is by no means an uncommon resident in the Chisos Mountains and surrounding foothills. Our series of seventeen specimens, all from the Basin, shows that in the juveniles<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">the color pattern is the reverse of that found in the adults, the light crossbars cf the juveniles being converted into the dark bars of the adults (with their intermixed light scales) by invasion of black pigment, the dark brown bars of the juvenile pattern becoming a lighter brown in the adult." - TEL]<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<b><span style="color: #400040; font-size: 10.0pt;">Seifert, W.S. 1978. </span></b><span style="color: #400040; font-size: 10.0pt;">Geographic distribution<i>. Gerrhonotus liocephalus infernalis. Herp. Rev</i>. 9(2): 61-62. </span><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">[Purported <b>Dallas County record</b>. A specimen was collected from "typical habitat" within the city of Dallas but no additional specimens were seen. This record is generally considered to be the result of an introduction (<b>Dixon 2013</b>) - TEL]</span></i><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="color: #400040; font-size: 10.0pt;">Smith, H.M. 1946</span></b><span style="color: #400040; font-size: 10.0pt;">. <i>Handbook of lizards</i>. Ithaca, N.Y.: Comstock Publ. Co. </span><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">[<i>This reference contains remarkably little information about the Texas Alligator Lizard, considering that Smith was a Texas resident at the time, teaching at Texas A&M </i>-- TEL]<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="color: #400040; font-size: 10.0pt;">Smith, H.M. and H. K. Buechner. 1947.</span></b><span style="color: #400040; font-size: 10.0pt;"> The influence of the Balcones Escarpment on the distribution of amphibians and reptiles in Texas. <i>Bull Chicago Acad. Sci</i>. 8(13): 277-84.</span><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="color: #400040; font-size: 10.0pt;">Smith, H.M. 1950</span></b><span style="color: #400040; font-size: 10.0pt;">. Type localities of Mexican reptiles and amphibians. <i>Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull</i>. 33:313-79.</span><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="color: #400040; font-size: 10.0pt;">Smith, H.M. 1950. </span></b><span style="color: #400040; font-size: 10.0pt;">An annotated checklist and key to the reptiles of Mexico exclusive of the snakes<b>. </b><i>United States Natl. Bull.</i> 199:1-253.<b> </b></span><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="color: #400040; font-size: 10.0pt;">Stebbins, R.C. 1958</span></b><span style="color: #400040; font-size: 10.0pt;">. A new alligator lizard from the Panamint Mountains, Inyo County, California. <i>Amer. Mus. Novitates </i>1883:1-27.</span><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="color: #400040; font-size: 10.0pt;">Strecker, J.K. 1909</span></b><span style="color: #400040; font-size: 10.0pt;">. Notes on the herpetology of Burnet County, Texas<i>. Baylor Univ. Bull</i>. 12(1): 1-9.</span><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="color: #400040; font-size: 10.0pt;">Strecker, J.K. 1909. </span></b><span style="color: #400040; font-size: 10.0pt;">Reptiles and amphibians collected in Brewster County, Texas. <i>Baylor Univ. Bull</i>. 12(1):11-16.</span><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="color: #400040; font-size: 10.0pt;">Strecker, J. K. 1915.</span></b><span style="color: #400040; font-size: 10.0pt;"> Reptiles and amphibians of Texas. <i>Baylor Univ. Bull. </i>18(4):1-82. </span><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">["Texas Gerrhonotus : Plated Lizard. This rare lizard has been recorded from only a few scattered localities, mostly in the central-northern, central and western sections of the State. It inhabits rocky places and is our most pugnacious lizard<b>{?}</b>. The following are the published localities: Devil's River, Helotes Creek and Wichita County (Cope), Chisos Mountains, Brewster County, at 6,000 feet (Bailey), Hays and Travis Counties and between Lewisville and Roanoke, Denton County (Cragin). My three specimens are each from a different locality, i.e., White Bluff, Burnet County, the hills west of Austin, and the foothills of the Chisos Mountains." The Wichita and Denton county records were erroneous -- TEL] </span></i><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="color: #400040; font-size: 10.0pt;">Strecker, J.K. 1922. </span></b><span style="color: #400040; font-size: 10.0pt;">An annotated catalog of the amphibians and reptiles of Bexar County, Texas. <i>Bull. Sci. Soc. San Antonio </i>4:1-31. </span><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">["Mr. Marnock collected nearly a dozen examples of this rare lizard at Helotes. The Scientific Society collection contains a fine specimen from a point fifteen miles from San Antonio on the Blanco Road, collected by the late Dr. R. Menger." - TEL]</span></i><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="color: #400040; font-size: 10.0pt;">Strecker, J.K. 1926. </span></b><span style="color: #400040; font-size: 10.0pt;">A list of reptiles and amphibians collected by Louis Garni in the vicinity of Boerne, Texas. <i>Contr. Baylor Univ. Mus</i>. 6:3-9</span><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br /></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Strecker<span style="color: #400040;">, J.K. 1928. </span></span></b><span style="color: #400040; font-size: 10.0pt;">Common English and folk names for Texas amphibians and reptiles. <i>Contr. Baylor Univ. Mus. </i>16:1-21.</span><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="color: #400040; font-size: 10.0pt;">Strecker, J.K. 1928. </span></b><span style="color: #400040; font-size: 10.0pt;">Doubtful Texas reptile records. <i>Contr. Baylor Univ. Mus. </i>18:3-5.</span><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="color: #400040; font-size: 10.0pt;">Strecker, J.K. 1930. </span></b><span style="color: #400040; font-size: 10.0pt;">A catalogue of the amphibians and reptiles of Travis County, Texas. <i>Contr. Baylor Univ. Mus. 23</i>:1-16.</span><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="color: #400040; font-size: 10.0pt;">Strecker, J.K. 1935. </span></b><span style="color: #400040; font-size: 10.0pt;">The reptiles of West Frio Canyon, Real County, Texas. <i>Contr. Baylor Univ. Mus. 38(3):32</i>.</span><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="color: #400040; font-size: 10.0pt;">Strecker, J.K. and W.J. Williams. 1927. </span></b><span style="color: #400040; font-size: 10.0pt;">Herpetological records from the vicinity of San Marcos, Texas, with distributional data on the amphibians and reptiles of the Edwards Plateau region and central Texas. <i>Contr. Baylor Univ. Mus. 12:1-16.</i></span><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="color: #400040; font-size: 10.0pt;">Tihen, J.A. 1948</span></b><span style="color: #400040; font-size: 10.0pt;">. A new <i>Gerrhonotus</i> from San Luis Potosi. <i>Trans. Kansas Acad. Sci</i>. 51:302-305.</span><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="color: #400040; font-size: 10.0pt;">Turcotte, R. 1968</span></b><span style="color: #400040; font-size: 10.0pt;">. The alligator lizards. <i>Herpetology</i> 2(2):7.</span><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="color: #400040; font-size: 10.0pt;">Vermersch, T.G. 1992. </span></b><i><span style="color: #400040; font-size: 10.0pt;">Lizards and turtles of south-central Texas. </span></i><span style="color: #400040; font-size: 10.0pt;">Austin: Eakin Press. </span><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">[<i>Arguably the best natural history summary of this species published to date, based upon his own data and two "private keepers." States age at sexual maturity to be 3-4 years, differing considerably from the estimates of others - </i>TEL]</span><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="color: #400040; font-size: 10.0pt;">Ward, R., E.G. Zimmerman, and T.L. King. 1990. </span></b><span style="color: #400040; font-size: 10.0pt;">Multivariate analyses of terrestrial reptile distribution in Texas: An alternate view<i>. Southwest. Nat</i>. 35(4): 441-445. </span><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="color: #400040; font-size: 10.0pt;">Wauer, R. 1980</span></b><span style="color: #400040; font-size: 10.0pt;">. <i>Naturalist's Big Bend. An introduction to the trees and shrubs, wildflowers, cacti, mammals, birds, reptiles and amphibians, fish, and insects.</i> College Station: Texas A&M University Press.</span><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="color: #400040; font-size: 10.0pt;">Werler, J.E. 1949</span></b><span style="color: #400040; font-size: 10.0pt;">. Reproduction of captive Texas and Mexican lizards. <i>Herpetologica</i> 5(3): 67-70. </span><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">[Describes an oviposition of a 121mm S-V specimen from Bexar Co., Texas collected on 28 February 1949. Twenty-four eggs were laid on 21 March, several of which appeared not to be fully calcified. Lizard's behavior prior to and during oviposition is described. Eggs varied from 18-24mm in length and 9-13 mm in width (mean= 20.7mm X 10.8mm, including those incompletely calcified). Eggs were incubated at room temperature (75-90°F) under an inch of damp sand in a Pyrex dish. Hatching began on 23 April, after 33 days of incubation. Only 7/24 eggs hatched (29.2%). "Total length" of hatchlings ranged from 43-52mm (median=47.5mm). A full page B&W photo of the lizard and her clutch is provided -- TEL]</span></i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="color: #400040; font-size: 10.0pt;">Werler, J.E. 1951. </span></b><span style="color: #400040; font-size: 10.0pt;">Miscellaneous notes on the eggs and young of Texas and Mexican reptiles. <i>Zoologica </i>36:34-48.<br />
</span><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">[Reported on two clutches of this species. The first involving a female from Medina County, Texas that laid 10 white, granular, and non-adhesive eggs between 30 Jan and 1 Feb 1950, which averaged 16.9mm in length and 9.9mm in width. These apparently did not hatch. A second female from "central Texas" laid five similar eggs on 18 February 1950, averaging 19.2mm in length and 10.4mm in width. Two of these eggs spoiled. The remaining three eggs hatched between 31 March and 2 April 1950. The three hatchlings averaged 94.6mm in TTL and 35.0mm in tail length. Included are photos of the female and her three hatchlings (Plate III, fig. 6) and of one of the hatchlings and its egg shell (Plate III, fig. 7). - TEL]<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<b><span style="color: #400040; font-size: 10.0pt;">Yarrow, H.C. 1882.</span></b><span style="color: #400040; font-size: 10.0pt;"> Checklist of North American Reptilia and Batrachia with catalogue of specimens in the U.S. National Museum. <i>Bull. United States Natl. Mus</i>. 24:1-249.</span><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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Tom Lotthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00201548346973561680noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-212420547045451837.post-91412972722912183372016-01-17T13:09:00.000-06:002016-01-17T13:09:45.280-06:00Barking Frog (Craugastor augusti)<div align="center" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">An Annotated Bibliography of the Barking Frog <br />(<i>Craugastor augusti</i>)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Compiled by Tom Lott [TEL] - Last updated on </span></b><!--[if supportFields]><b><span
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style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>DATE \@ "d MMMM yyyy" <span
style='mso-element:field-separator'></span></span></b><![endif]--><b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">17 January 2016</span></b><!--[if supportFields]><b><span
style='font-size:10.0pt'><span style='mso-element:field-end'></span></span></b><![endif]--><b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<em><b><span style="color: red; font-size: 8.0pt;">[These bibliographies and their annotations are an </span></b></em><strong><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 8.0pt;">on-going project</span></i></strong><em><b><span style="color: red; font-size: 8.0pt;">. I have many comments on papers that I have not yet posted but I will attempt to attend to this task as time allows. Comments proffered in the annotations are strictly my own opinions and should be taken as such. If you wish to comment or supply additional references that I have overlooked, you may contact me via E-mail. To correspond with me, I may be reached at: </span></b></em><em><b><span style="color: red; font-size: 8.0pt; font-style: normal; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">tomlott[at]thornscrub[dot]com</span></b></em><em><b><span style="color: red; font-size: 8.0pt;">. Thanks for reading, Tom Lott ]</span></b></em><b><span style="font-size: 8.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b><br />
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<b><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Axtell, R. W. 1959b</span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">. Amphibians and reptiles of the Black Gap Wildlife Management Area, Brewster County, Texas. <i>Southwest. Nat</i>. 4(2): 88-109</span><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">. [Under "Questionable Forms," is the following: "The barking frog was absent from the Area; they were not heard and a description of their call was unfamiliar to the local inhabitants. The low elevation, general aridity, and the prevailing drought may have excluded them locally." - TEL]</span></i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<strong><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Bartlett, R.D. and P.P. Bartlett. 1999b. </span></strong><strong><i><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: normal;">A Field Guide to Texas Reptiles and Amphibians</span></i></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: normal;">.</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> </span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: normal;">Gulf Publishing Company, Houston, Texas.<o:p></o:p></span></strong><br />
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<strong><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Bezy, R.I., W.C. Sherbrooke, and C.H. Lowe. 1966. </span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: normal;">The rediscovery of <i>Eleutherodactylus augusti</i> in Arizona. <i>Herpetologica</i> 22: 221-225.<o:p></o:p></span></strong><br />
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<strong><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Blair, W.F. <span style="background: yellow; mso-highlight: yellow;">1949</span></span></strong><span style="font-size: 10pt;">. The biotic provinces of Texas. <em>Texas J. Sci.</em> 2(1):93-117.</span><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Boulenger, G.A. 1894b. </span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Third report on additions to the lizard collection in the Natural History Museum. <i>Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond.</i> 1894: 640.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<strong><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Brown, B.C. 1950</span></strong><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">. <em>An annotated check list of the reptiles and amphibians of Texas</em>. Waco, Tex.:Baylor Univ. Studies.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Cochran, D.M. 1961.</span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"> Type specimens of reptiles and amphibians in the United States National Museum. <i>Bull. U.S. Natl. Mus</i>. 220:1-291.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Conant, R. 1958. </span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">A field guide to the reptiles and amphibians of the United States and Canada east of the 100<sup>th</sup> meridian. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">_________.</span></b><b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> 1975</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">. <i>A field guide to the reptiles and amphibians: Eastern and central North America. </i>2<sup>nd</sup><i> </i>edition. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">_________. and J.T. Collins. 1991</span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">. <i>A field guide to reptiles and amphibians of eastern-central North America</i>. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co.</span><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">_______________________. 1998</span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">. <i>A field guide to reptiles and amphibians of eastern-central North America</i>, 3<sup>rd</sup> edition (expanded). Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<strong><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Cope, E.D. 1878a</span></strong><span style="font-size: 10pt;">. A Texas cliff frog. <em>Am. Nat</em>. 12: 186. . </span><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">[Apparently not actually written by Cope, this very brief article refers to </span></i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">Craugastor<i> </i>latrans <i>rather than </i>S. marnockii<i> - TEL]</i></span><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> [<b><a href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/2447674#page_scan_tab_contents?seq=4">PDF</a></b>] <br /></span><br />
<strong><span style="font-size: 10pt;">_________. 1889</span></strong><span style="font-size: 10pt;">. <em>The Batrachia of North America</em>. Bull. U.S. Natl. Mus. 34: 1-525.</span><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<b><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Dayton, G.H., Skiles, R. and L. Dayton. 2007. </span></b><i><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Frogs and Toads of Big Bend National Park</span></i><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">. College Station: Texas A&M Press. </span><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">[Although among the works cited by Dixon (2013) for this species, the Barking Frog is unknown from Big Bend and is not mentioned in this work. - TEL]<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Degenhardt, W.G., Painter, C.W. and A. H. Price 1996</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">. <i>Amphibians and reptiles of New Mexico</i>. Univ. New Mexico Press, 431 pp. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Dickerson, M.C. 1931</span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">. <i>The frog book</i>. Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, Doran. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Dixon, J.R. 1987</span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">. <i>Amphibians and reptiles of Texas</i>. College Station: Texas A&M Press.</span><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">_________. 1993. </span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Supplement to the literature for the <i>Amphibians and reptiles of Texas, 1987. Smithson. Herpetol. Info. Serv. </i> 94:1-43.</span><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">________. 2000</span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">. <i>Amphibians and reptiles of Texas</i>. (2<sup>nd</sup> edition). College Station: Texas A&M Press </span><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[Includes 50 literature citations for this species- from which most of these were initially drawn; as well as a county-based distribution map. - TEL]<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">________. 2013.</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"> <i>Amphibians and reptiles of Texas</i>. 3rd Ed. W. L. Moody, Jr., Nat. Hist. Ser. 25. College Station: Texas A&M University Press. <i><span style="color: red;">[As </span></i><span style="color: red;">Eleutherodactylus (Craugastor) augusti<i>, with subspecies </i>latrans<i>. Provides 64 literature citations. Notes that it is continuously distributed along the Balcones Escarpment but exists in isolated populations elsewhere. Includes color photos of a juvenile from Edwards County and an adult from Bandera County. Range map now includes Sutton and Kinney counties. - TEL]<o:p></o:p></i></span></span><br />
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<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Enderson, E.F. 2002. </span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Geographic distribution: <i>Eleutherodactylus augusti cactorum</i> (western barking frog). <i>Herpetol. Rev</i>. 33: 316. <b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Finch, R.C. 1962</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">. S.S.S. reports on the Bat-Well. <i>Tex. Caver</i> 7: 726-729.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<strong><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Fouquette, M.J., Jr. 1960. </span></strong><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Call structure in frogs of the family Leptodactylidae. <em>Tex. J. Sci</em>. 12(3-4): 210-215.</span><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<strong><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Garrett, J.M. and D.G. Barker. 1987</span></strong><span style="font-size: 10pt;">. <em>A Field Guide to the Reptiles and Amphibians of Texas</em>. Austin: Texas Monthly Press.</span><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<strong><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Gehlbach, F.R. And J.K. Baker. 1962.</span></strong><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> Kingsnakes allied with <em>Lampropeltis mexicana</em>: Taxonomy and natural history. <em>Copeia</em> 1962 (2): 291-300. </span><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">[Mentioned that this frog, along with </span></i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">Syrrhophus marnockii<i>, had been collected in the Dunbar Cave sinkhole in Edwards County, Texas, where a specimen of </i>Lampropeltis alterna<i> was found by the junior author. - TEL]</i></span><i><span style="color: red; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></i><br />
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<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Goldberg, C.S. 2002. </span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Habitat, spatial population structure, and methods for monitoring barking frogs (<i>Eleutherodactylus augusti</i>) in southern Arizona. M.S. thesis, University of Arizona, Tucson. Pp. 1-56<b> <o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">____________. 2003. </span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Barking Frog, <i>Eleutherodactylus augusti </i>(Dugés, 1879 in Brocchi, 1882). </span><i><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Son. Herp.</span></i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10pt;">16(7): 54-56<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br />____________., and C.R. Schwalbe. 2004a</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">. Considerations for monitoring a rare anuran (<i>Eleutherodactylus augusti</i>). <i>Southwestern Naturalist</i> 49: 442– 448.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">____________., and C.R. Schwalbe. 2004b</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">. Habitat and spatial population structure of barking frogs (<i>Elutherodactylus augusti</i>) in southern Arizona. <i>J. of Herpetol</i>. 38: 26-33.<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">____________., B.K. Sullivan, J.H. Malone, and C.R. Schwalbe. 2004c. </span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Divergence among barking frogs (<i>Eleutherodactylus augusti</i>) in the southwestern United States. <i>Herpetologica </i>60: 312– 320. <i><span style="color: red;">["Barking frogs in each of the three states {TX, NM, and AZ}have distinct coloration and differ in sexually dimorphic characters, female vocalization, and skin toxicity. . . . Advertisement calls of frogs from Arizona were significantly longer in duration, higher in frequency, and had longer duration pulses than those of frogs from either New Mexico or Texas . . . . Phylogenetic analysis showed deep divisions among barking frogs from the three states. Differences in call structure, coloration, and mitochondrial DNA sequences strongly suggest that barking frogs in Arizona are reproductively isolated from those in New Mexico and Texas. Our results indicate that either northern populations are connected via gene flow through southern Mexico (i.e., they are subspecies as currently recognized), or represent independent lineages as originally described. " - TEL]<o:p></o:p></span></i></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><br /></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Graham</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">, S. P., S. Stevens, and C. Kelehear. 2015. </span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Geographic distribution CRAUGASTOR AUGUSTI (Barking Frog). </span><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Herpetol. Rev. </span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">46(4): 558<i>. </i></span><i><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">[<b>Brewster County record</b>. "</span></i><i><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">There is a previous record for </span></i><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Craugastor augusti<i> to the southeast from adjacent Terrell Co., Texas (SRSU-A 119; Joe Chandler Ranch near Dryden; 04-17- 1964; SRSU records). However, given that Brewster Co. is larger than the state of Rhode Island, our new record represents a substantial (~ 120 km) range extension to the west for </i>C. augusti<i> in this region of Texas." - TEL] <o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
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<strong><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Hampton, N. 1976.</span></strong><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> Annotated checklist of the amphibians and reptiles of Travis County, Texas. Pp. 84-101 in <em>A bird finding and naturalist's guide for Austin, Texas, area</em>. Edited by E. Kutac and S. Caran. Austin, Tex.: Oasis Press.</span><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<strong><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><br /></span></strong></div>
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<strong><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Holman, J.A. 1969c. </span></strong><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">The Pleistocene amphibians and reptiles of Texas. <em>Publ. Mich. State Mus. Biol. Ser</em>. 1(6): 203-60<i><span style="color: red;">.<br />
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</span></i><b><br /></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><b>Jameson, D.L. 1949</b>. The Ecological Life History of <i>Eleutherodactylus latrans</i> in the Edwards Plateau of Central Texas. M.A. Thesis, University of Texas. <i><span style="color: red;"><o:p></o:p></span></i></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">____________. 1950</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">. The development of <i>Eleutherodactylus latrans. Copeia</i> 1950: 44-46.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<strong><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">____________. 1954. </span></strong><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Social patterns in the leptodactylid frogs <em>Syrrhophus</em> and <em>Eleutherodactylus.</em> <em>Copeia</em>1954 (1): 36-38.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Kellog, R. 1932</span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">. Mexican tailless amphibians in the United States Nation Museum. <i>Bull. U.S. Natl. Mus</i>. 160: 1-224. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Koster, W.J. 1946</span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">. The robber frog in New Mexico. <i>Copeia</i> 1946: 73. </span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Lynch, J.D. 1986. </span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> The definition of the Middle American clade of <i>Eleutherodactylus</i> based on jaw musculature (Amphibia: Leptodactylidae). <i>Herpetologica </i>42: 248-258.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="color: #222222; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><br /></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="color: #222222; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Malnate, Edmond V. </span></b><b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">1971</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">. A Catalog of Primary Types in the Herpetological Collections of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia (ANSP). <i>Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. </i></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 6.5pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">123: 345-375 <br />
<i><span style="color: red;">[</span></i></span><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">"</span></i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Lithodytes latrans<i> Cope 1880. Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 17: 25.<br /> </i>Syntypes<i>: (2) ANSP 10757-58; Texas, Bexar County, Helotes; G. W. Marnock.<br /> </i>Remarks:<i> See Zweifel (1967: 41.2-3) for comments on the syntypes listed here <br /> and by Cochran, 1961: 75." - TEL] </i></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Malone, J.H. 2001a</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">. Geographic distribution. <i>Eleutherodactylus augusti</i> (barking frog). <i>Herpetol. Rev</i>. 32(2): 113. <i><span style="color: red;">[<b>Kinney County record</b>, from Kickapoo State Park. - TEL]<o:p></o:p></span></i></span></div>
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<strong><span style="font-size: 10pt;">McAlister, W. 1954. </span></strong><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Natural history notes on the barking frog. <em>Herpetologica</em> 10(3): 197-199.</span><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Mecham, J.S. 1959a</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">. Some Pleistocene amphibians and reptiles from Friesenhahn Cave, Texas. <i>Southwest. Nat.</i> 3: 17-27. <i><span style="color: red;">[Reported on a scapula likely of this species obtained from late Pleistocene deposits in a cave in Bexar County, located on Cibolo Creek, 21 miles north of San Antonio. - TEL]</span></i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<strong><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Milstead, W.W.</span></strong><span style="font-size: 10pt;">, <strong>J.S. Meacham, and H. McClintock. 1950. </strong>The amphibians and reptiles of the Stockton Plateau in northern Terrell County, Texas. <em>Tex. J. Sci</em>. 2(4): 543-562. </span><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">[No specimens of the barking frog were actually collected. While hunting </span></i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">Syrrhophus<i> at night on June 8, two distinct barks were heard from a distant canyon. These were probably made by a barking frog, since the probability of a dog or a coyote in that area is slight. Joe Chandler described 'a lizard that barks like a bulldog' and other ranchers also told of barking lizards. These are doubtless </i>Eleutherodactylus<i>, as the ranchers of the Edwards Plateau ascribe the call of the barking frog to a lizard (</i>Gerrhonotus liocephalus<i>). - TEL]<o:p></o:p></i></span><br />
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<strong><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">____________. 1960b</span></strong><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">. Relict Species of the Chihuahuan Desert. <em>Southwest. Nat.</em> 5(2):75-88. </span><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[Considered a relict species of the Chihuahuan Desert on the basis of having been recorded from two localities in Mexico (5 mi. S Cuatro Cienegas, Coahuila {<b>Schmidt and Owens 1944</b>} and 10 mi. W Naranjos, San Luis Potosi {Smith <b>and Taylor 1948</b>} as well as probable on the Stockton Plateau, Terrell County, Texas {<b>Milstead </b></span></i><b><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">et al<i>. 1950</i></span></b><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">} - TEL]</span></i><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<strong><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Morafka, D.J. 1977. </span></strong><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">A biogeographical analysis of the Chihuahuan desert through its herpetofauna. <em>Biogeographica</em> 9: 1-313.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Murray, I., and C.W. Painter. 2003</span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">. Geographic distribution. <i>Eleutherodactylus augusti. Herpetol. Rev</i>. 34: 161. </span><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[Record from Aguirre Springs Campground, Organ Mountains, <b>Dona Ana County, New Mexico</b>, a range extension of ~89 miles to the WNW of previous records, and in habitat similar to that occupied by Texas and Arizona specimens. -TEL]</span></i><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Noble, G.K. 1925</span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">. An outline of the relation of ontogeny to phylogeny within the Amphibia, I. <i>Am. Mus. Novit</i>. 165: 1-10. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Olson, R.E. 1959. </span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Notes on some Texas herptiles. <i>Herpetologica</i> 15: 48. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Owen, J.G. 1989. </span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Patterns of herpetofaunal species richness : Relation to temperature, precipitation, and variance in elevation. <i>J. Biogeogr</i>. 16:141-150.</span><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<strong><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">_________. and J.R. Dixon. 1989. </span></strong><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">An ecogeographic analysis of the herpetofauna of Texas. <em>Southwest Nat</em>. 34(2): 165-180.<br />
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<strong>Parmley, D. 1988b.</strong> Middle Holocene herpetofauna of Klein Cave, Kerr County, Texas. <em>Southwest. Nat</em>. 33(3): 378-382. <i><span style="color: red;">[Two ilia, presumably of this species, were found in late Pleistocene/early Holocene deposits in this cavern located ca. 20 km WSW of Mountain Home, Kerr County. - TEL]</span></i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Piatt, J. 1934</span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">. The systematic status of <i>Eleutherodactylus latrans</i>. <i>Am. Midl. Nat</i>. 15: 89-91. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Radke, M.F. 1998. </span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Ecology of the barking frog (Eleutherodactylus augusti) in Chaves County, New Mexico. Report to New Mexico Dept. of Game and Fish. Share with wildlife. Albuquerque, New Mexico. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Reddell, J.R. 1961</span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">. The caves of Comal County. <i>Tex. Speleol. Surv</i>. 2: 1-60. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<strong><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">__________. 1970. </span></strong><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">A checklist of the cave fauna of Texas. VI. Additional records of Vertebrata. <em>Tex. J. Sci. </em>22(2-3): 139-158.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<strong><span style="font-size: 10pt;">_________., and O. Knox.</span></strong><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> <strong>1962. </strong>The caves of Bexar County. <em>J. Tex. Speleol. Soc</em>. 1(4): 1-38. </span><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">[Scans of the spirit master original note that this cave was visited on two occasions in 1949 by David L. Jameson, apparently in association with work toward his Masters Degree (<b>Jameson 1949</b>). He collected thirteen barking frogs, several </span></i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">Syrrhophus marnocki<i>, two "leopard frogs", a </i>Bufo punctatus<i>, and a </i>Bufo valliceps<i>. </i>Plethodon <i>salamanders were described as "numerous." It is noted also that two copperheads had been removed from the cave earlier. - TEL]<br />
</i></span><span style="font-size: 10pt;">[<b><a href="http://www.texasspeleologicalsurvey.org/PDF/TSS_Volume1/TSS%201(4)%20compressed.pdf">PDF</a></b>] <br />
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<span style="font-size: 10pt;"><strong>_________., and A.R. Smith. 1965. </strong><strong><span style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">The caves of Edwards County. Tex. Speleol. Surv. 2:1-70.<o:p></o:p></span></strong></span><br />
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<b><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Riemer, W.J., and H.G. Dowling. 1963 <i>et seq</i></span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">. <i>Catalogue of American amphibians and reptiles</i>. New York: American Society of Ichthyology and Herpetology. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Rorabaugh, J. 2004</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">. Barking frogs (<i>Eleutherodactylus augusti</i>) of the Santa Rita Mountains. <i>Sonoran Herpetologist</i> 17: 72– 73.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Schmidt, K.P. 1953</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">. <i>A checklist of North American amphibians and reptiles</i>. Chicago: Univ. of Chicago Press.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<b><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Schwalbe, Cecil R. and Caren S. Goldberg. 2005. </span></b><i><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Eleutherodactylus augusti</span></i><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"> (Duges, 1879) Barking Frog. <i>in</i> Lannoo, Michael, ed., <i>Amphibian Declines: the conservation status of United States species</i>. Berkeley: Univ. of Cal. Press, pp. 491-492. </span><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[Provides a summary of: 1) Historical versus current distribution - giving a taxonomic history and current problems; lists fossil localities in Bexar and Kerr counties, in Texas; notes lack of reports of extirpations from former localities; 2) Historical versus current abundance - notes that abundance in Huachuca Mountains has remained steady; 3) Life history features - cites substantial older data from Texas and newer information from Arizona; and 4) Conservation - notes that this species has no state or federal protection in the areas where it occurs in the U.S. Generally a good summary of current information except for a range map that is shaded by counties but which includes a number of counties from which it is unknown. - TEL]<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">_________., B. Alberti and M. Gilbert. 1997. </span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">The limestone troll. <i>Bajada </i>5: 1<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Scudday, J.F. 1965b</span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">. <i>Eleutherodactylus latrans</i> in Terrell County, Texas. <i>Southwest Nat.</i> 10: 78. <br />
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<b>Seifert, W. 1978a</b>. Geographic distribution. <i>Hylactrophryne augusti latrans</i>. <i>Herpetol. Rev</i>. 9: 61. <i><span style="color: red;">[<b>Ward County record</b>, Pyote Air Force Base. "Collected in a sump pump hole in the machine room of the abandoned base. The surrounding area is flat and has red sandy soil with mesquite (</span></i><span style="color: red;">Prosophis glandulosa<i>) and creosotebrush (</i>Larrea divaricata<i>) being the dominant vegetation. Numerous gopher (</i>Geomys<i>) burrows may be the only natural habitat for these frogs. This specimen is a link between the New Mexico and Texas specimens and its locality falls on the question mark of <b>Conant's (1975 . . . .)</b> range map." - TEL]</i></span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Slevin, J.R. 1931. </span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Range extensions of certain western species of reptile and amphibians. <i>Copeia</i> 1931: 140-141.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Smith, H. M., and H. K. Buechner. 1947</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">. The influence of the Balcones Escarpment on the distribution of am<b> </b>phibians and reptiles in Texas. <i>Bull. Chi. Acad. Sci</i>. 8(1): 1-16. <o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<b><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">___________ and E.H. Taylor. 1948. </span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">An annotated checklist and key to the amphibia of Mexico<i>. Bull. U.S. Natl. Mus.</i> 194:1-118. </span><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Stebbins, R.C. 1951</span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">. <i>Amphibians of western North America</i>. Berkeley: Univ. Cal. Press. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">____________. 1954. </span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Amphibians and reptiles of western North America. New York: McGraw-Hill.</span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">____________. 1966</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">. <i>A field guide to western reptiles and amphibians</i>. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<b><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Strecker, J.K. 1902</span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">. Reptiles and batrachians of McLennan County, Texas<i>. Proc. Tex. Acad. Sci</i>. 4, Pt.2(5): 95 -101. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">___________. <b>1908b.</b> A preliminary annotated list of the Batrachia of Texas. </span><i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash</span></i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">. 21: 53-62. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">____________. 1908c</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">. The reptiles and batrachians of McLennan County, Texas. <i>Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash</i>. 21: 69-84.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">____________. <b>1910c</b>. Studies in North American batrachology. Notes on the robber frog (<i>Lithodytes latrans</i> Cope). <i>Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis</i> 19:73-82. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="color: #400040; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br /></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="color: #400040; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">____________. 1922. </span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">An annotated catalog of the amphibians and reptiles of Bexar County, Texas. <i>Bull. Sci. Soc. San Antonio </i>4:1-31.</span><span style="color: #400040; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">["This interesting amphibian was described from specimens collected at Helotes by Marnock. Judging from the number of fine examples in the Marnock collection, it is not at all uncommon." Includes a "natural size" b/w photo, labeled "Robber Frog."- TEL]</span></i><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><br /></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">____________. 1928e</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">. Common English and folk names for Texas amphibians and reptiles. <i>Contr. Baylor Univ. Mus. </i>16:1-21.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<strong><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">____________. 1933.</span></strong><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"> Collecting at Helotes, Bexar County, Texas. <em>Copeia </em>1933(2): 77-79. </span><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[A posthumously published article. "Here, within a stone's throw of his home, he {Marnoch} discovered the type specimens of the frogs described by Cope under the name </span></i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Lithodytes<i> (now </i>Eleutherodactylus<i>) </i>latrans<i> and </i>Syrrhophus marnockii<i>, the skink </i>Eumeces brevilineatus<i> Cope, the little variegated gecko many years later named </i>Coleonyx brevis<i> by Dr. Stejneger. . . . <br /> "Later in the year, in early November, . . . I again visited the place. . . .</i></span> <i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">One </span></i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Eleutherodactylus latrans<i>, a junior 16 mm. in length of head and body, was also found under a stone. The date of its capture and the size of the animal suggest that, even in the Helotes neighborhood, this species may not always be a winter breeder as was suggested to Cope by Marnock. This specimen is peculiarly marked. It has a broad white band across the lower back, a white band across each arm, and a white spot on each eyelid. Across the back of the head is a well defined Greek cross also white in color. A somewhat similar specimen, but larger and not so conspicuously marked, is in the Baylor University collection. This specimen will, I believe, be described in detail by Dr. Albert Hazen Wright in his forthcoming book on the frogs of North America. All of the other young specimens of this frog which have been examined by me, were marked essentially like adults." - TEL]<o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">____________. <b>1935f</b>. The reptiles of West Frio Canyon, Real County, Texas. <i>Baylor Univ. Bull</i>. 38:32.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">____________ <b>and W.J. Williams. 1927</b>. Herpetological records from the vicinity of San Marcos, Texas, with distributional data on the amphibians and reptiles of the Edwards Plateau region and Central Texas. <i>Contr. Baylor Univ. Mus</i>. 12: 1-16.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br /></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Streicher, Jeffrey W. and Matthew K. Fujita. 2014. </span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Observations on the captive maintenance and reproduction of the Balcones Barking Frog, <i>Craugastor augusti latrans. Herpetol. Rev</i>. 45(1): 49-51. <i><span style="color: red;">[The authors collected a series of 18 adult barking frogs from Bandera, Edwards, and Real counties by road cruising immediately after heavy spring rains. Frogs were maintained in individual plastic shoeboxes inside a walk-in environmental chamber at 22<sup>o</sup>C, with a 12:12 light cycle, maintained at 40% humidity. Frogs were sexed based upon calling (males) and eggs visible through the ventral surface (females). A female frog, placed in a larger enclosure with a male began constructing a nest by moving soil and moss substrate into a PVC sewer pipe in the cage and compressing it using her body and limbs. Oviposition, amplexus, or other reproductive interactions between the two frogs were not witnessed. The female frog attended the nest within the PVC pipe continuously from 21 April until 4 June. The male did not attend the nest and was observed entering it only in the pursuit of food. The male and water dish was removed before the froglets hatched. On 4 June 119 froglets were found in the enclosure with the female and further investigation revealed a nest cavity at the rear of the PVC pipe with three undeveloped eggs, making the total clutch 122. <br /> The froglets were maintained in groups of ten in circular deli containers with a substrate similar that that in the adults cages. Froglets were offered - and apparently ate - wingless fruit flies, pinhead crickets, and occasionally a larger flightless fruit fly (</span></i><span style="color: red;">Drosophila hydei<i>). By 10 August, however, 75% of the hatchlings had died for no apparent reason. The remaining 30 froglets were described as growing and thriving. <br /> An important report that brings into question previously asserted male nest attendance (<b>Jameson 1950</b>), while verifying large clutch sizes, female nest attendance and construction behaviors. The authors acknowledge that their observations of frogs from a relative humid extreme of the species' range may not extend to those populations occupying more xeric areas. - TEL]<o:p></o:p></i></span></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br /></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Taylor, E.H. 1938b. </span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">New species of Mexican tailless Amphibia. <i>Univ. Kan. Sci. Bull</i>. 25: 385-399.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br /></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Taylor, E.H.<span style="color: red;"> </span>1947</span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">. A bibliography of Mexican amphibiology. <i>Univ. Kans. Sci. Bull</i>. 34:543-589.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Tipton, B.L., Hibbitts, T.L., Hibbitts, T.J., Hibbitts, T.D. and T.J. LaDuc. 2012</span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">. <i>Texas Amphibians: A Field Guide. </i>University of Texas Press: Austin, 2012. Softcover. 325 pp. <i><br />
</i></span><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><br />
<b>Valett, B.B. and D.L. Jameson. 1961</b>. The embryology of <i>Eleutherodactylus augusti latrans</i>. <i>Copeia</i> 1961: 103-109. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Wright, A.H., and A.A. Wright. 1938. </span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Amphibians of Texas. <i>Proc. Trans. Tex. Acad. Sci.</i></span><i><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></i><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">21(2): 5-44.</span><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b>___________________________</b></span><b><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">. 1949. </span></b><i><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Handbook of frogs and toads of the United States and Canada</span></i><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">. Ithaca, N.Y.: Comstock Publishing Co. </span><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Yarrow, H.C. 1882</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">. Checklist of North American Reptilia and Batrachia with catalogue of specimens in the U.S. National Museum. <i>Bull. U.S. Natl. Mus</i>. 24: 1-249.</span> </div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Zweifel, R.G. 1956b</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">. A survey of the frogs of the augusti<i> </i>group, genus Eleutherodactylus. <i>Am. Mus. Novit</i>. 1813: 1-35. <i><span style="color: red;">[A morphological analysis of frogs from throughout the range concluded that, despite some differences in coloration and morphology, all fell into the various subspecies of </span></i><span style="color: red;">E. augusti<i>. - TEL]<o:p></o:p></i></span></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">__________. 1959b.</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> Variation in and distribution of lizards of western Mexico related to <i>Cnemidophorus sacki</i>. <i>Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist</i>. 117: 61-116. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">__________. <b>1967.</b> <i>Eleutherodactylus augusti</i>. <i>Cat. Am. Amphib. Rept</i>. 41: 1-4. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
Tom Lotthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00201548346973561680noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-212420547045451837.post-90303976444272972432016-01-17T12:39:00.000-06:002016-01-17T12:40:39.890-06:00Rio Grande Chirping Frog [Eleutherodactylus (Syrrhophus) cystignathoides campi] <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 14pt;">An Annotated Bibliography of the <br />Rio Grande Chirping Frog<br />(<i>Syrrhophus cystignathoides campi</i> Stejneger)</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10pt;">Compiled by Tom Lott [TEL] - Last updated: </span><!--[if supportFields]><span
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style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>DATE \@ "d MMMM yyyy" <span
style='mso-element:field-separator'></span></span><![endif]--><span style="font-size: 10pt;">17 January 2016</span><!--[if supportFields]><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
color:black'><span style='mso-element:field-end'></span></span><![endif]--><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><b>.</b></span><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<i><span style="color: red; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt;">[These bibliographies and their annotations are an <b>on-going project</b>. I have many comments on papers that I have not yet posted but I will attempt to attend to this task as time allows. Comments proffered in the annotations are strictly my own opinions and should be taken as such. If you wish to comment or supply additional references that I have overlooked, you may contact me via E-mail. To correspond with me: <b>tomlott[at]thornscrub[dot]com</b>. Thanks for reading, Tom Lott]</span></i><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: 8pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Adams, C.K. and D. Saenz. 2015</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">. Calling ecology of the introduced Rio Grande chirping frog (<i>Eleutherodactylus cystignathoides</i>) – preliminary results. Poster presentation at the Big Thicket Science Conference, to be published in the <i>SE Naturalist</i>. <i><span style="color: red;">[<b>ABSTRACT</b>: The Rio Grande Chirping Frog’s (</span></i><span style="color: red;">Eleutherodactylus cystignathoides<i>) native range stretches from northeastern Mexico to extreme southern Texas; however, it has been rapidly expanding into other parts of Texas presumably by way of accidental human transport, primarily the potted plant trade. Very little information is known about this introduced anuran across most of its introduced range. The purpose of this study is to determine the calling ecology of the introduced Rio Grande Chirping Frog. We surveyed for calling Rio Grande Chirping Frogs at three study sites using automated recording devices set to record for the first minute of every hour each day. We detected frogs calling at all three of our survey sites. Preliminary results indicated that the Rio Grande Chirping frogs can call any month, with calling mainly occurring during the warmer months. Frogs called primarily during dark hours but did occasionally call during the day. The mild climate of eastern Texas appears to be suitable to support an established population of Rio Grande Chirping Frogs. (from abstract - TEL]<o:p></o:p></i></span></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Anon. 1978. </span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Species listings for nongame regulations. <i>Tex. Parks Wildl. Dept. Broch</i>. 9000-52: 1-22. </span><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">[This taxon was briefly accorded "protected" status in Texas apparently in total ignorance of its true situation--an aggressive, easily introduced species. Most of the other "Lower Rio Grande Valley 'endemics'" (e.g., </span></i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">Similisca baudinii <i>[but oddly not </i>Bufo marinus<i>]) remain in this status. -- TEL] </i></span><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "TimesNewRomanPSMT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT;">Anon. 2000</span></b><span style="font-family: "TimesNewRomanPSMT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT;">. Decretos de áreas naturales del Estado de Nuevo León, México. Secretaria de Ecología y Recursos Naturales. </span><span style="font-family: "TimesNewRomanPSMT","serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT;">Periódico Oficial 2000<i><span style="color: red;">. </span></i></span><i><span style="color: red; font-family: "TimesNewRomanPSMT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT;"> [Erroneously reported this species from Cerro El Potosi, Nuevo Leon, Mexico (</span></i><span style="color: red; font-family: "TimesNewRomanPSMT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT;">fide<i> <b>Contreras-Lozano </b></i><b>et al<i>. 2010</i></b><i>) - TEL]</i></span><span style="font-family: "TimesNewRomanPSMT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT;"> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Ashton, R.E. 1976</span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">. Endangered and threatened amphibians and reptiles in the United States. <i>Soc. Stud. Amphib. Rept.; Herp Circular</i> (5): 1-65.</span><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Baldauf, R.J. 1987. </span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Houston invaded by frogs . . . and few people know it. <i>Explorer </i>29(1): 4-6.</span><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<strong><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Bartlett, R.D. and P.P. Bartlett. 1999b. </span></strong><strong><i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">A Field Guide to Texas Reptiles and Amphibians</span></i></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">.</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"> </span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Gulf Publishing Company, Houston, Texas.<o:p></o:p></span></strong><br />
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<b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Beck, J.W. and R.C. Dobbs. 2008.</span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> Geographic distribution. <i>Eleutherodactylus</i> <i>cystignathoides.</i> <i>Herpetol. Rev</i>. 39(1): 105. </span><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">[<b>Lafayette Parish, La. record</b> and the second documented specimen from Louisiana -- TEL]</span></i><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Behler, J.L. and F.W. King. 1998. </span></b><i><span style="font-size: 10pt;">The Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Reptiles and Amphibians.</span></i><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> Alfred A. Knopf, New York. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Blair, W.F. 1949</span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">. The biotic provinces of Texas. <i>Texas J. Sci</i>. 2(1):93-117.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Utopia;">Boundy and Gregory 2012</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Utopia;">. <i>Herpetol. Rev</i>. 43:113–114) <i><span style="color: red;">[<b>East Baton Rouge Parish, LA record</b> - TEL]</span></i></span><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Brach, V. 1992. </span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Discovery of the Rio Grande chirping frog in Smith County, Texas (Anura: Leptodactylidae). <i>Tex. J. Sci.</i> 44(4): 490. </span><b><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">[Smith County record. </span></i></b><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">-- TEL<b>]</b></span></i><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Brach, V. 1995.</span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> The Phantom Chirper. <i>Tex. Parks & Wildl.</i> (Mar 1995) 53(3): 43. </span><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">[A popular account of the discovery of these frogs in Tyler, Texas with general background information -- TEL]</span></i><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Brown, B.C. 1950</span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">. <i>An annotated check list of the reptiles and amphibians of Texas</i>. Waco, Tex.:Baylor Univ. Studies. </span><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">[Referred to as </span></i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">Syrrhophus campi<i> Stejenger, the "Valley Chirper." A key is provided, which relies mainly upon distribution of dorsal markings and maximum size (< 27mm in </i>S. campi<i>), to distinguish between Texas' three species. Four locality records, all in Cameron County, are given. Under "Remarks": "In southern Texas </i>Syrrhophus campi<i> is rather abundant in damp situations particularly during the breeding season in early spring. It seems to seek refuge under old boards, bricks, and other damp shelters during the drier part of the year." Brown was a native of the Lower Rio Grande Valley and should have known this species well. -- TEL]</i></span><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Cochran, D.M. 1961.</span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> Type specimens of reptiles and amphibians in the United States National Museum. <i>Bull. U.S. Natl. Mus</i>. 220:1-291.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">____________, and C.J. Goin. 1970</span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">. <i>The New Field Book of Reptiles and Amphibians</i>. G.P. Putnam's Sons, New York.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Collins, C.S. and T.J. Hibbitts. 2001</span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">. Geographic distribution. <i>Syrrhophus</i> <i>cystignathoides campi.</i> <i>Herpetol. Rev</i>. 32(2): 116. </span><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">[<b>Brazos Co. record</b> -- TEL]</span></i><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Conant, R. 1955.</span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> Notes on three Texas reptiles, including an addition to the fauna of the state. <i>Amer. Mus. Novit.</i> 1726: 1-6. </span><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">[Quotes correspondent Ted Beimler (of Brownsville) as having forced freshly caught specimens of </span></i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">Coniophanes imperialis<i> to regurgitate </i>Syrrhophus<i> and </i>Gastrophryne<i>. Beimler also states that he was unable to observe definite effects of this snake's venom on these frogs except for a prolonged lethargy when the frogs managed to escape from a snake's grasp. -- TEL] </i></span><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Conant, R. 1958. </span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">A field guide to the reptiles and amphibians of the United States and Canada east of the 100<sup>th</sup> meridian. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">_________.</span></b><b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"> 1975</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">. <i>A field guide to the reptiles and amphibians: Eastern and central North America. </i>2<sup>nd</sup><i> </i>edition. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">_________. and J.T. Collins. 1991</span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">. <i>A field guide to reptiles and amphibians of eastern-central North America</i>. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co.</span><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">_______________________. 1998</span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">. <i>A field guide to reptiles and amphibians of eastern-central North America</i>, 3<sup>rd</sup> edition (expanded). Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "TimesNewRoman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman;">Contreras-Lozano, J.A., Lazcano, D., Contreras-Balderas, A.J. and P.A. Laví n-Murcio. 2010</span></b><span style="font-family: "TimesNewRoman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman;">. Notes on Mexican Herpetofauna 14: An Update to the Herpetofauna of Cerro El Potosí, Galeana, Nuevo León, México. </span><i><span style="font-family: "TimesNewRoman,Bold","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "TimesNewRoman\,Bold"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Bull. Chicago Herpetol. Soc.</span></i><span style="font-family: "TimesNewRoman,Bold","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "TimesNewRoman\,Bold"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> 45(3): 41-46<i><span style="color: red;">. [Deletes this species from the fauna of this locality (strictly defined) as was erroneously reported in a prior publication (<b>Anon. 2000</b>). Documents the presence of </span></i><span style="color: red;">E. guttilatus<i>, however - TEL]</i></span></span><i><span style="color: red; font-family: "TimesNewRoman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman;"><o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Cotten, T. B. 2007. </span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Geographic distribution. <i>Syrrhophus</i> <i>cystignathoides.</i> <i>Herpetol. Rev</i>. 38(4): 479. </span><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">[<b>San Jacinto Co.</b> record -- TEL]</span></i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Cox, C.L., Moseley, M.A., Pasichnyk, P.N., Tovar, R.U., Smart, U. and T. Angarita-Sierra. 2012</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">. New county records for reptiles and amphibians from south and southeast Texas. <i>Herpetol. Rev</i>. 43(2): 315-316<i>. <span style="color: red;">[<b>Duval, Jim Wells, Kleberg, and Live Oak Co. Records</b>; corroborates the provisional <b>Goliad Co. </b>record of <b>Lott 2012</b>. "Our new findings indicate that </span></i><span style="color: red; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">Eleutherodactylus cystignathoides<i> </i></span><i><span style="color: red;">has a greater distribution in Texas than currently suggested in the scientific literature. This frog is thought to be native to the Rio Grande Valley in south Texas, but has been reported from geographically disjunct localities elsewhere in the state (Conant and Collins 1998; Dixon 2000). Because the county records we document for Jim Wells, Duval, and Kleberg counties are close to their native range, they may reflect recent range expansion, or a more widespread original distribution. A phylogeographic analysis of this species may prove useful for determining the limits </span></i></span><i><span style="color: red; font-family: "Utopia-Regular","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Utopia-Regular;">of their native range and where they are invasive." - TEL]</span></i><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Davis, W.K. 1974. </span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">The Mediterranean Gecko, <i>Hemidactylus turcicus</i>, in Texas. <i>J. Herpetol</i>. 8(1): 77-80.<br />
</span><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">[Proposed that the Med Gecko was originally introduced into Texas at the Port of Brownsville and then inadvertently distributed about the state via produce trucks. <b>Quinn (1979</b>) extended this idea to the diaspora of the Rio Grande Chirper. - TEL]</span></i><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">de la Reza, A.G., C. Balcome, and T. Schlenke. 1998.</span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> Geographic distribution. <i>Syrrhophus</i> <i>cystignathoides.</i> <i>Herpetol. Rev</i>. 29(2): 108-109. </span><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">[<b>Fayette Co. Record</b>; from fairgrounds below sandstone cliffs along the Colorado River - TEL]</span></i><i><span style="color: red; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Dixon, J.R. 1987</span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">. <i>Amphibians and reptiles of Texas</i>. College Station: Texas A&M Press.</span><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">________. 1993. </span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Supplement to the literature for the <i>Amphibians and reptiles of Texas, 1987. Smithson. Herpetol. Info. Serv. </i> 94:1-43.</span><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">________. 1996b. </span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Ten year supplement to Texas herpetological county records published in <i>Amphibians and reptiles of Texas, 1987. Texas Herpetol. Soc. Spec. Publ</i>. (2):1-64.<i> </i></span><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">________. 2000</span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">. <i>Amphibians and reptiles of Texas</i>. (2<sup>nd</sup> edition). College Station: Texas A&M Press </span><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">[Includes36 literature citations for this species- from which most of these were initially drawn; declines to follow Hedges' lumping of </span></i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">Syrrhophus<i> into a subgenus of </i>Eleutherodactylus<i> - TEL]<o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
<b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span></b> <b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;">________. 2013.</span></b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;"> <i>Amphibians and reptiles of Texas</i>. 3rd Ed. W. L. Moody, Jr., Nat. Hist. Ser. 25. College Station: Texas A&M University Press. </span><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">[As </span></i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">Syrrhophus (Eleutherodactylus) cystignathoides<i>, subspecies </i>campi<i>. Provides 50 literature citations for this species in Texas. Range map includes <b>new records for Burnet and Galveston counties </b>that have not appeared elsewhere in the literature. Also erroneously maps and cites a record for Crockett County (<b>Pope </b></i><b>et al<i>. 2008</i></b><i>) that actually refers to </i>S. marnockii<i>. - TEL]</i></span><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;"> <o:p></o:p></span><br />
<b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span></b> <b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;">_______., Hibbitts, T.J., and M.R.J. Forstner. 2007</span></b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;">. Texas herpetological literature and county records 2000 to 2006-07. <i>Publ. Tex. Herpetol. Soc</i>. 1(1):1-58. <o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Dodd, C. Kenneth. 2013</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">. <i>Frogs of the United States and Canada</i>, 2-vol. set. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. Kindle Edition. <i><span style="color: red;">[Author states that the status of </span></i><span style="color: red;">campi<i> as a subspecies of </i>cystignathoides<i> should be reexamined using molecular technology (assuming that such can be devised that is sensitive to subspecies). Suggests that breeding season consists of multiple clutches extending over a longer period than is currently recognized - doubtless this varies with latitude. Most natural history information is from <b>Hayes-Odum (1990</b>), but virtually all natural history headings are listed as unknown. A good summary of the taxonomic history is included, with the recognition that some authors continue to refer these frogs to the genus </i>Syrrhophus<i>. - TEL]<o:p></o:p></i></span></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Duellman, W.E. and S.S. Sweet. 1999. </span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Distribution patterns of amphibians in the Nearctic Region of North America. Pp. 31-109. In Duellman, W.E. (ed.), <i>Patterns of Distribution of Amphibians. A Global Perspective</i>. Johns Hopkins Univ. Press, Baltimore, Md. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Edwards, R.J. G. Longley, R. Ross, J. Ward, R. Matthews, and B. Stewart. 1989.</span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> A classification of Texas aquatic communities with special consideration toward the conservation of endangered and threatened taxa. <i>Tex. J. Sci.</i> 41(3): 231-240. </span><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Elbers, J. P. 2007. </span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Geographic distribution. <i>Eleutherodactylus planirostris.</i> <i>Herpetol. Rev</i>. 38(4): 474. </span><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">[Observes that </span></i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">E. planirostris<i> and the native </i>Gastrophryne carolinensis<i> occur sympatrically in Louisiana, lending credence to the suggestion by <b>Dundee and Rossman (1989</b>) and <b>Goin (1947</b>) that this introduced species may compete with the native microhylid. Since </i>S. cystignathoides<i> and </i>G. olivacea<i> also occur together in Texas (pers. obser.), a similar relationship "could" exist between them -- TEL]</i></span><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Farr</span></b><b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">, W. L. and M. R. J. Forstner. 2015. </span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Geographic distribution. ELEUTHERODACTYLUS CYSTIGNATHOIDES CAMPI (Rio Grande Chirping Frog). <i>Herpetol. Rev</i>. 46(4): 559. </span><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">[<b>Colorado County record.</b> </span></i><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Utopia;">"This is the first county record for this introduced species, with previous records for two (Austin to the northeast and Fayette to the northwest) of the five adjacent counties previously documented (<b>Dixon 2013</b>. . . . Numerous additional calls were heard at this locality and at several other localities in the vicinity, indicating the species is well established in northern Colorado Co. The frog was found out and moving under a bridge at 2309 h. during a light rain." - TEL]</span></i><i><span style="color: red; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria;"><o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Franklin, C.J. and E.A. Franklin. 2009.</span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> Geographic distribution. <i>Eleutherodactylus cystignathoides. Herpetol. Rev.</i> 40():107. </span><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">[An erroneous citation in <b>Dixon 2013</b>. The correct citation is below. - TEL]</span></i><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Franklin, C.J. and E.A.P. Catalan. 2009.</span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> Geographic distribution. <i>Eleutherodactylus cystignathoides. Herpetol. Rev.</i> 40(1):107. </span><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">[<b>Dallas County</b> record -- TEL]<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<b><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN;">Frost, Darrel R. 2014.</span></b><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN;"> <i>Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0</i> (<i>accessed 11 March 2014</i>). Electronic Database accessible at: http://research.amnh.org/herpetology/amphibia/index.html. American Museum of Natural History, New York, USA.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Frost, Grant, Faivovich, Bain, Haas, Haddad, De Sá, Channing, Wilkinson, Donnellan, Raxworthy, Campbell, Blotto, Moler, Drewes, Nussbaum, Lynch, Green & Wheeler. 2006. </span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">The Amphibian Tree of Life. <i>Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History </i>297: 1-370. </span><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">[Resurrected the full genus </span></i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">Syrrhophus<i> from a sub-genus of</i> Eleutherodactylus<i> -- TEL]</i></span><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Garrett, J.M. and D.G. Barker. 1987</span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">. <i>A Field Guide to the Reptiles and Amphibians of Texas</i>. Austin: Texas Monthly Press.</span><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Hardy, Laurence M. 2004</span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">. Genus <i>Syrrhophus</i> (Anura: Leptodactylidae) in Louisiana. <i>The Southwestern Naturalist </i>49(2): 263-266 . </span><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">[<b>Abstract: </b>The genus </span></i><u><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;"><a href="http://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=all&search_value=Syrrhophus&search_kingdom=every&search_span=exactly_for&categories=All&source=html&search_credRating=All"><span style="color: #ff6600;">Syrrhophus</span></a></span></u><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;"> is recorded for the first time from Louisiana due to the discovery of a population of </span></i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;"><a href="http://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=all&search_value=Syrrhophus+cystignathoides&search_kingdom=every&search_span=exactly_for&categories=All&source=html&search_credRating=All"><span style="color: #ff6600;">Syrrhophus cystignathoides</span></a><i> in Shreveport. The frogs have been documented during 4 years. Calling males and a female with large yolked eggs indicated that this species was reproducing and surviving. -- TEL]</i></span><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Harvey, Drew T.; D.L. DeSantis; R.L. Swanson; and T.R. Simpson. 2014. </span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Geographic distribution. <i>Eleutherodactylus cystignathoides. Herpetol. Rev.</i> 45(3):457-458. </span><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">[Vouchered record for <b>Guadalupe County</b>, corroborating the unvouchered aural record of <b>Wells and Stephenson 2002</b> -- TEL]</span></i><b><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Hayes-Odum, L.A. 1990. </span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Observations<i> </i>on reproduction and embryonic development in <i>Syrrhophus cystignathoides campi</i> (Anura: Leptodactylidae). <i>Southwest. Nat.</i> 35(3): 358-361. </span><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">[The first recorded observation of amplexus (axial) and oviposition in this taxon. Specimens were observed and collected on the grounds of the Houston Zoological Gardens between 4 April and 11 July 1984. Frogs were sexed mainly on the basis of visible eggs in the abdomens of females and their larger size (22+mm S-V). Nocturnally vocalizing frogs were presumed to be males. Frogs called from perches as high as 22cm above the ground during the night (at air temperatures as low as 20.5<sup>o</sup>C) but retreated towards lower perches near dawn. Most calling heard after sunrise was from frogs located within tunnels in the ground. A clutch of 5 eggs dug up (close to the surface) at the study site was ca 5mm in diameter and unpigmented even though at stages 11-12 in development. Wild hatchlings (ca. 6mm S-V) were first observed on 6 June. Since reproductive behavior was not observed in the field, such was stimulated among the captive group by the injection of 0.01-0.02cc of synthetic gonadotrophin releasing hormone into both sexes. Interactions between the frogs "appeared" to be territorial and one occasion a female "appeared" to be soliciting amplexus from a presumed male. Incubation took from 14 to 16 days at temperatures from 27-33<sup>o</sup>C. Three clutches of eggs were observed, numbering 5, 10, and 13. Drawings of embryos at stages 6-7, 11-12, 12-13, and 15 are provided. Development was compared to that of </span></i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">Eleutherodactylus coqui<i> (<b>Townsend and Stewart 1985</b>) but did not correspond exactly -- TEL] </i></span><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Hedges, S.B., Duellman, W.E. & Heinicke, M.P. 2008</span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">. New World Direct-developing Frogs (Anura: Terrarana): Molecular Phylogeny, Classification, Biogeography, and Conservation. <i>Zootaxa</i> 1737: 1-182. </span><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">[The Family Eleutherodactylidae ("Free-toed Frogs") is resurrected to include all US members of </span></i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">Eleutherodactylus/Syrrhophus <i>-- TEL] </i></span><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Heinicke, M.P., Duellman, W.E. and Hedges, S.B. 2007</span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">. Major Caribbean and Central American Frog Faunas Originated by Ancient Ocenaic Dispersal. <i>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences </i>104(24): 9913-10294 </span><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">[Once again returns genus </span></i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">Syrrhophus <i>to </i>Eleutherodactylus<b><i> </i></b><i>-- TEL]</i></span><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Hibbitts, T.J. and D. Laurencio. 2006.</span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> Geographic distribution. <i>Syrrhophus cystignathoides. Herpetol. Rev.</i> 37(4): 491. </span><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">[<b>Grimes County record</b> -- TEL]</span></i><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Hibbitts, T.J. and D. Saenz. 2007.</span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> Geographic distribution. <i>Syrrhophus cystignathoides. Herpetol. Rev.</i> 38(3): 350. </span><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">[<b>Nacodoches County record</b> -- TEL]<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Hickel, Marissa R., Zachary C. Adcock, Shawn F. McCracken, and Michael R. J. Forstner. 2015. </span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Geographic distribution. <i>Eleutherodactylus cystignathoides</i> (=<i>Syrrhophus cystignathoides). </i>(Rio Grande Chirping Frog).<i> Herpetol. Rev.</i> 46(2): 211. </span><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">[<b>Fort Bend County</b> record - TEL]</span></i><b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Holtcamp, W. 2004</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">. It's not easy being green: a tale of Texas frogs. <i>Texas Parks and Wildlife Magazine</i>. May, 2004 <i><span style="color: red;">[cites capture of E. cystignathoides at Brazos Bend State Park by TP&W personnel - TEL]</span></i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">Jackson, J., Forstner, M.R.J., and J.R. Dixon. 2012</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">. </span><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Geographic distribution. <i>Syrrhophus cystignathoides. Herpetol. Rev.</i> 43(3): 439. </span><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">[<b>Bastrop County record. </b> Specimen was collected, but the species was also detected in an audio chorus survey for the first time in this county on 29 March 2012. Since such surveys have been conducted in the area since 1995, this is taken as evidence that the species is newly arrived in the county - TEL]<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">Lazcano, D., Contreras-Lozano, J.A., Gallardo-Valdez, J., García del Peña, C. and G. Castañeda. 2009.</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;"> Notes on Mexican Herpetofauna 11: Herpetological Diversity in Sierra “Cerro de La Silla” (Saddleback Mountain), Nuevo León, Mexico. <i>Bull. Chicago Herpetol. Soc</i>. 44(2): 21-27<i><span style="color: red;">. [Present in the "Cerro de la Silla" natural protected area of Nuevo Leon, Mexico at elevations of 930-1800 m, mostly in the "low semi-evergreen forest" plant community. - TEL]<o:p></o:p></span></i></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Lee, J. Eric. 2014. </span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Geographic distribution. <i>Eleutherodactylus cystignathoides. Herpetol. Rev.</i> 45(3): 457. </span><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">[Vouchered record for <b>Comal County</b>, corroborating the unvouchered aural record of <b>Wells and Stephenson 2002</b> -- TEL]<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Linum, L.A. 2012.</span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> Wild Thing: Hitchhiking Herp. <i>Tex. Parks & Wildl.</i> (Apr 2012) 70(3): 14. </span><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">[</span></i><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">Lee Ann Linum has a short piece in this month's issue of </span></i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">Texas Parks and Wildlife<i> </i></span><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">magazine about the Rio Grande Chirping Frog. It's mostly an accurate, very general natural history summary and includes a pitch for volunteers in TP&W's Texas Amphibian Watch program, which Ms. Linum administers. Resembling the various Breeding Bird Atlas projects throughout the country, the Amphibian Watch assigns volunteers to their own specific routes in the state which they agree to monitor (according to a standardized protocol) and report on several times during the calendar year. Obviously, a familiarity with the calls of the amphibians inhabiting the area in which a participant's route is located is a requirement. -- TEL]</span></i><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"> <br />
</span><span style="font-size: 10pt;">[Article <a href="http://www.tpwmagazine.com/archive/2012/apr/scout5_wildthing_chirpingfrog/">PDF</a>] <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 10pt;">Lott, T. 2012</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 10pt;">. Observations on the Distribution of the Rio Grande Chirping Frog, <i>Eleutherodactylus cystignathoides campi</i>, in the United States (Anura: Leptodactylidae). <i>SWCHR Bulletin</i> 2(1): 8-12. </span><i><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">[Arguing that the traditional method of relying solely on museum specimens to document the range of invasive species is inadequate, this paper uses several non-traditional sources (including the NAFHA database) to render what is a more extensive, but still extremely conservative estimate of this species' distribution in Texas and Louisiana. Previously unpublished historical information about the Brazoria and Bexar county populations is provided. <b>Atascosa </b>and<b> Victoria</b> county records. <b>Goliad County</b> added to the provisional range list. - TEL] </span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">[<a href="http://southwesternherp.com/swchr-bulletin/SWCHR-Bulletin-Vol-2-Issue-1.pdf">PDF</a>] </span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">_________. 2014</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">. Update on the distribution of the Rio Grande Chirping Frog, <i>Eleutherodactylus cystignathoides campi</i>, in the United States (Anura: Eleutherodactylidae). <i>SWCHR Bulletin</i> 4(2): 19-21.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">[Provides a summary of published and citizen science records since the previous list. Noted are fourteen counties in Texas (11 new counties + 3 upgraded from provisional status), 1 additional parish in Louisiana, and 1 county in the state of Alabama that have been added to the known distribution of this species in the US. Includes a revised map and a photo of the Jefferson County, TX specimen - TEL] </span></i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">[<a href="http://southwesternherp.com/swchr-bulletin/SWCHR-Bulletin-Vol-4-Issue-2.pdf">PDF</a>]<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Lutterschmidt, W.I. and M.L. Thies. 1999. </span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Geographic distribution. <i>Syrrhophus cystignathoides</i>. <i>Herpetol. Rev.</i> 30(1): 51. </span><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">[<b>Walker County record</b> -- TEL] </span></i><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Lynch, J.D. 1970.</span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> A taxonomic revision of the leptodactylid frog genus <i>Syrrhophus</i> Cope. <i>Univ. Kans. Publ. Mus. Nat. Hist.</i> 20(1): 1-45. </span><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">[Revision of genus, placing </span></i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">S. campi <i>into the Mexican species </i>S. cystignathoides <i>as a subspecies. -- TEL]</i></span><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Magno-Naoe, C. F.</span></b><b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">, A. R. MacLaren, S. F. McCracken, and M. R. J. Forstner. 2015</span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">. Geographic distribution ELEUTHERODACTYLUS CYSTIGNATHOIDES (=SYRRHOPHUS CYSTIGNATHOIDES) (Rio Grande Chirping Frog)</span><span style="font-size: 10pt;">. </span><i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Herpetol. Rev. </span></i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">46(4): 559<i>. </i></span><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">[<b>Bell and Hays county records</b>. <b>Bell</b>: "This discovery occurs within the previously documented E. cystignathoides expansion between Dallas and Travis counties. We suspect expansion of this species will continue northward. Unvouchered records of E. cystignathoides from Bell Co. exist at the Texas Natural History Collection, but this specimen represents the first confirmed and published record of E. cystignathoides record from the county. The nearest (previously unreported) record is 29 km E (TNHC 84601). This species was heard during anuran call surveys at Cedar Gap Park on Stillhouse Lake. Two adult specimens (21.7 mm and 22.8 mm SUL) were collected. Both specimens were captured while calling near one another among dead trees and brush. Anuran calls were only heard on the north side of the park where rotting, flotsam logs had accumulated." <b>Hays:</b> "The nearest previously documented record is ca. 22.5 km E in Caldwell Co. (TNHC 89683). The record fills the distributional gap among the surrounding counties of Travis, Caldwell, Guadalupe, and Comal. This species was initially observed on 25 April 2015 during anuran call surveys. Two adult specimens (25.5 mm and 21.5 mm SUL) were collected 27 April 2015. The first individual was captured in a concrete crevice near railroad tracks at Rio Vista Park. The second individual was captured on top of a fallen tree limb in Crook Park, 0.38 km S of Rio Vista. Numerous additional individuals were heard calling at both sites." - TEL]<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Malone, J.H. 1999.</span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> Geographic distribution. <i>Syrrhophus cystignathoides</i>. <i>Herpetol. Rev.</i> 30(4): 232. </span><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">[<b>Liberty County record</b> -- TEL] </span></i><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Mather, C.M., and J.R. Dixon. 1976</span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">. Geographic records of some Texas amphibians and reptiles. <i>Herpetol. Rev</i>. 7(3): 127. </span><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">[<b>Bexar County record</b>. First reference to the introduced population of this species occurring in San Antonio, Texas. No specific locality is listed. -- TEL]</span></i><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">McAllister, C.T., and P. Freed. 1992. </span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Larval <i>Abbreviata</i> sp. (Spirurida: Physalopteridae) in introduced Rio Grande chirping frogs, <i>Syrrhophus cystignathoides campi</i> (Anura: Leptodactylidae), from Houston, Texas. <i>Tex J. Sci</i>. 44(3): 359-361.</span><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Maclaren, Andrew R., Zachary C. Adcock, Shawn F. McCracken, and Michael R. J. Forstner. 2015.</span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> Geographic distribution. <i>Eleutherodactylus cystignathoides</i> (=<i>Syrrhophus cystignathoides). </i>(Rio Grande Chirping Frog).<i> Herpetol. Rev.</i> 46(2): 211-212. </span><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">[<b>Robertson County</b> record - TEL]</span></i><b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"> <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">McConnell, R., T. McConnell</span></b><b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">, C. Guyer and D. Laurencio. 2015. </span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Geographic distribution. <i>Eleutherodactylus</i> <i>cystignathoides </i>(Rio Grande Chirping Frog).<i> Herpetol. Rev</i>. 46(4): 558-559.<br />
</span><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">[<b>Alabama state record</b>. Mobile County. "</span></i><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Utopia;">This locality extends the species range eastward by 275 km from the nearest location in East Baton Rouge, Louisiana (<b>Boundy and Gregory 2012</b>. </span></i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Utopia;">Herpetol. Rev<i>. 43:113–114)." - TEL]</i></span><b><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">McCord, J.S. 1993a. </span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Geographic<b> </b>distribution. <i>Syrrhophus cystignathoides campi. Herpetol. Rev</i>. 24:64<br />
</span><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">[<b>Nueces County</b> record, from the University of Texas Marine Science Institute, Port Aransas, Mustang Island. - TEL]</span></i><span style="background: yellow; font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">McCoid, M.J. 2005</span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">. Geographic distribution. <i>Eleutherodactylus cystignathoides</i>. <i>Herpetol. Rev</i>. 36(2): 199. <i><span style="color: red;">[<b>Brazoria County record</b>. But has been unofficially present in that county since 1977(see <b>Lott 2012)</b> - TEL]</span></i></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">McGown, L., M.T. Dixon, and L.K. Ammerman. 1994. </span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Geographic distribution. <i>Syrrhophus cystignathoides</i>. <i>Herpetol. Rev</i>. 25(1): 32</span><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">. [<b>Tarrant County record</b>. "Introduced into the San Antonio and Houston area via the plant nursery trade, and possibly arrived in Fort Worth in a similar manner. The frogs have established themselves in rocky areas along a two mile stretch on the bluff of the Clear Fork of the Trinity River." - TEL]</span></i><i><span style="color: red; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Merker, Gerald. 1999.</span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> The Lovely Cliff Chirping Frog. <i>Reptile Hobbyist</i> March, 1999: 44-48. </span><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">[Provides field observations, photos of </span></i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">S. marnockii<i> (along with </i>S. c. campi<i> and </i>S. guttilatus<i>; erroneously states that the latter is "protected" by the state of Texas), as well as rare captive management techniques. States that </i>S. marnockii<i> has not been bred in captivity -- TEL] </i></span><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Morafka, D.J. 1977. </span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">A biogeographical analysis of the Chihuahuan desert through its herpetofauna. <i>Biogeographica </i>9: 1-313.</span><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Olson, R.E. 1958.</span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> An Inquiry Into the Status of the Texas Frogs of the Genus <i>Syrrhophus</i>. <i>Bull. S.W. Tex. Herp. Soc. </i>1(1): 4 </span><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">[Author states that except for "trivial" differences in size, almost no differences exist between </span></i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">S. marnocki<i> and </i>S. campi<i>. Comparing dorsal markings on thirteen preserved </i>S. campi<i> (collected in 1925 by R.D. Camp himself) in the Witte Memorial Museum collection with preserved </i>S. marnocki<i>, Olson found "no appreciable difference between the marking (such as it could be determined) on the preserved </i>campi<i> and the </i>marnocki<i>." He also cites his collection of a topotypical </i>S. marnocki<i> with a reticulate dorsal pattern (supposedly a character of the similar sized </i>S. gaigeae<i> (= </i>S. guttilatus<i>) as an indication that the incidence of the reticulate pattern might increase to the west in </i>marnocki<i>, making </i>gaigeae<i> at best a subspecies of </i>S. marnocki.<i> Olson provides comparative measurements of a typical </i>marnocki<i> and his reticulate specimen from the same locality. Line drawings of the dorsum of each specimen are also presented. He concludes that: "There is much need for collecting aiming for </i>Syrrhophus<i> in the counties between Bexar and Cameron, and Uvalde to Brewster," clearly implying that the three taxa are conspecific. -- TEL]</i> </span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">[<a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B-Wla23JXrgcRFRjaF9KQ1BZZzQ/view?usp=sharing">PDF</a>] </span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Owen, J.G. 1989. </span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Patterns of herpetofaunal species richness : Relation to temperature, precipitation, and variance in elevation. <i>J. Biogeogr</i>. 16:141-150.</span><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Owen, J.G. and J.R. Dixon. 1989. </span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">An ecogeographic analysis of the herpetofauna of Texas. <i>Southwest Nat.</i> 34(2): 165-180.</span><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Parmley, D. 1988a. </span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Additional Pleistocene amphibians and reptiles from the Seymour Formation, Texas. <i>J. Herpetol</i>. 22(1): 82-87.</span><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Parmley, D. 1988b.</span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> Middle Holocene herpetofauna of Klein Cave, Kerr County, Texas. <i>Southwest. Nat</i>. 33(3): 378-382.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Patterson, S. 2012</span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">. Parting Shot. <i>Tex. Parks & Wildl.</i> (Apr 2012) 70(3): 58</span><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">. [Photographer Seth Patterson captured a macro head shot of a Rio Grande Chirping Frog during a rainy spell in the Rio Grande Valley. He used a Canon 7D camera with a 100mm macro lens @ f16, 1/200th, and ISO 400 -- TEL]</span></i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">[<a href="http://www.tpwmagazine.com/archive/2012/apr/scout5_wildthing_chirpingfrog/"><b>Image</b>]</a> </span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Powell, E.A. 2014.</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"> Geographic distribution. <i>Eleutherodactylus cystignathoides. Herpetol. Rev.</i> 45(2): 276. <i><span style="color: red;">[Another <b>Travis County</b> record, this time with a voucher specimen and a specific locality. This county was previously mapped without comment by <b>Tipton </b></span></i><b><span style="color: red;">et al<i>. 2012</i></span></b><i><span style="color: red;"> - TEL]</span></i></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Quinn, H. R. 1979b.</span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> The Rio Grande chirping frog, <i>Syrrhophus cystignathoides campi</i> (Amphibia, Leptodactylidae), from Houston, Texas. <i>Trans. Kans. Acad. Sci.</i> 82(4):209-10. </span><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">[<b>Harris County</b> record. Recorded populations of this frog from three different locations in Houston. Size differences were taken to indicate that the populations were successfully reproducing at these locations. Suggested that frogs might have been introduced via produce shipments from its "natural" range in the Rio Grande Valley in a manner similar to that proposed for </span></i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">Hemidactylus turcicus<i> (<b>Davis 1974</b>). -- TEL]<o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Raun, G.G. and F.R. Gehlbach. 1972</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">. Amphibians and reptiles in Texas. <i>Dallas Mus. Nat. Hist. Bull</i>. 2: 1-61. <i><span style="color: red;">[As </span></i><span style="color: red;">Syrrhophus cystignathoides<i>; provided 14 citations and no maps for this species, stating that it was known only from Cameron and Hidalgo counties - TEL]</i></span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Reddell, J.R. 1970. </span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">A checklist of the cave fauna of Texas. VI. Additional records of Vertebrata. <i>Tex. J. Sci. </i>22(2-3): 139-158.</span><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Ribble, David O. 2014</span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">. Headwaters at Incarnate Word Biodiversity Study April 2011- April 2012. Prepared for Headquarters at Incarnate Word and San Antonio River Authority. Downloaded 21 July 2014. </span><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">[A report on a year-long study of the biodiversity of the terrestrial vertebrates found on property owned by Incarnate Word University in San Antonio at the headwaters of the San Antonio River. Reports that both </span></i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">E. marnockii<i> and </i>E. cystignathoides<i> were found occurring sympatrically (but not syntopically) in the study area, with 5 specimens of the latter and one of the former documented in total. However, in the accompanying photographs the photo labeled "</i>S. marnockii<i>" appears to be of that form, while the photo of "</i>S. cystignathoides<i>" is clearly that of a recently transformed Gulf Coast Toad (</i>Bufo {Incilius} nebulifer<i>). This is rather disappointing considering that this locality is one that could provide evidence of the sympatry/syntopy of these forms, lying as it does along the southern edge of the Balcones Fault Zone - TEL] </i></span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">[<b><a href="http://www.headwaterscoalition.org/documents/Headwaters%20at%20Incarnate%20Word%20Biodiversity%20Study%20Jan%202014%20FINAL.pdf">PDF</a></b>] </span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Schmidt, F. J. 2004.</span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> Geographic distribution. <i>Syrrhophus cystignathoides campi. Herpetol. Rev. </i>35 (4): 407 </span><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">[<b>Wilson County record</b> (Eagle Creek Ranch subdivision). Adult collected from under a board 29 JUN 2004, others heard calling during MAY 2004 at same location. -- TEL]</span></i><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Schmidt, K.P. 1953. </span></b><i><span style="font-size: 10pt;">A checklist of North American amphibians and reptiles. </span></i><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Chicago: University of Chicago Press.</span><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Sinclair, T. A., J. T. Williams and Wahlberg, S. A. 2007.</span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> Geographic distribution. <i>Syrrhophus cystignathoides. Herpetol. Rev.</i> 38 (2): 216. </span><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">[<b>Austin Co. record.</b> Specimen found in torpid condition under a log with </span></i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">Eumeces fasciatus<i> in Stephen F. Austin State Park on 3 JAN 2007-- TEL]</i></span><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Smith, C. E. and E. P. Hoaglund. 2008.</span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> Geographic distribution. <i>Eleutherodactylus (= Syrrhophus) cystignathoides. Herpetol. Rev.</i> 39(3): 362. </span><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">[<b>Montgomery Co. record</b> -- TEL]</span></i><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Smith, H.M. and H.K. Buechner. 1947. </span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">The influence of the Balcones Escarpment on the distribution of amphibians and reptiles in Texas. <i>Bull. Chi. Acad. Sci.</i> 8(1): 1-16.</span><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Smith, H.M. and S. Barlowe. 1978. </span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> <i>Amphibians of North America. A Guide to Field Identification</i>. Golden Press, New York. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><s><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Smith, H.M.</span></s></b><s><span style="font-size: 10pt;">, <b>and D Chiszar. 1997</b></span></s><b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">. </span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">New records for amphibians and reptiles from Texas. <i>Herpetol. Rev.</i> 28(2): 99-100. </span><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">[A mistaken citation in <b>Dixon 2013</b>; record actually refers to </span></i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">S. marnockii<i> from Bandera County. - TEL]</i></span><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Smith, H.M.</span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">, <b>and J.R. Dixon</b>. <b>1987. </b>The amphibians and reptiles of Texas: A guide to records needed from Mexico. <i>Bull. Md. Herpetol. Soc.</i> 23(4): 154-157.</span><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Smith, H.M.</span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">, <b>and O. Sanders</b>. <b>1952a. </b>Distributional data on Texas amphibians and reptiles. <i>Tex. J. Sci. </i>4(2): 204-219.</span><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Smith, H.M. and E.H. Taylor. 1948. </span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">An annotated checklist and key to the amphibia of Mexico<i>. Bull. U.S. Natl. Mus.</i> 194:1-118. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10pt;">___________. <i>1950a</i>. Type localities of Mexican reptiles and amphibians. <i>Univ. Kans. Sci. Bull</i>. 33: 313-379.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Stejneger, L. 1915.</span></b><i><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> </span></i><span style="font-size: 10pt;">A new species of tailless batrachian from North America. <i>Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash</i>. 28:131. </span><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">[The original description of </span></i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">S. campi<i> -- TEL]</i></span><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Strecker, J.K. 1915.</span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> Reptiles and amphibians of Texas. <i>Baylor Univ. Bull.</i> 18(4): 1-82 </span><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">[Published the same year as Stejneger's description of </span></i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">S. campi<i>, this taxon was not included in this work but was added in an addendum issued later, "150a. Syrrhophus campi </i>Stejneger<i>. Camp's Frog. Described from Brownsville in the Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, Vol. 28, pages 131, 132, June 29, 1915." -- TEL]</i></span><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Swanson, R.L., Farallo, V.R., Troy, J.R., Hood, G.R. and Forstner, M.R.J. 2008.</span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> Geographical distribution. <i>Eleutherodactylus (=Syrrhophus) cystignathoides campi.</i> <i>Herpetol. Rev.</i> 39(4): 478. </span><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">[<b>Bee County record.</b> "A single adult was found and captured by hand under a piece of plywood near a drainage ditch running parallel with the eastbound frontage of Highway 59" at the intersection of [US] 181 -- TEL]<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Swanson, Romey Lynn. 2009</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">. Temporal and spatial trends of the amphibians, reptiles, and mammals of the relict Ottine Wetlands. MS Thesis, Texas State University. Pp. 1-83. </span><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">[During a sixteen month study of this area that has been described as a bit of east Texas that has been dropped into central Texas, Swanson did not find or hear any </span></i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">E. cystignathoides<i>. The species has since been reported from that county (Gonzales) by Harrison (2013), but it is unknown whether his audio vouchers came from an anthropogenic area or from a relatively natural locale such as the Ottine Swamp. In much of eastern Texas where this frog occurs it has been characterized as being able to subsist in areas that remain more-or-less "natural". - TEL] </i> </span><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;">[<b><a href="https://digital.library.txstate.edu/bitstream/handle/10877/4151/SwansonRomeyLynn.pdf?sequence=1">LINK</a></b>]</span><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Taggart, T. W. 1997.</span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> Geographical distribution<i>. Syrrhophus cystignathoides. Herpetol. Rev. </i>28(2): 94<i> </i></span><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">[<b>Nueces County record (but see McCord 1993)</b>. Waldron Naval Air Landing Field, 1 SEP 1995. Three adults by day under plywood, 14 adults chorusing at night "from laurel oaks, cattails, and from the tops of 1 m tall grass clumps." -- TEL]<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">Taylor, E.H.<span style="color: red;"> </span>1947</span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">. A bibliography of Mexican amphibiology. <i>Univ. Kans. Sci. Bull</i>. 34:543-589.<i><br />
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</i></span><b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Tihen, J.A. 1960. </span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Notes on late Cenozoic hylid and leptodactylid frogs from Kansas, Oklahoma, and Texas. <i>Southwest. Nat.</i> 5(2): 66-70.</span><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Tipton, B.L., Hibbitts, T.L., Hibbitts, T.J., Hibbitts, T.D. and T.J. LaDuc. 2012</span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">. <i>Texas Amphibians: A Field Guide. </i>University of Texas Press: Austin, 2012. Softcover. 325 pp. </span><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">[Depicts a range covering much of east and south Texas with continuous shading over most known localities. Adds records (via map shading) for <b>Bosque, Hill, Travis</b>, and <b>Williamson</b> counties without comment. Follows Dixon (2000) in retaining </span></i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">Syrrhophus<i> for generic name - TEL]<b><o:p></o:p></b></i></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Turner, F.B. 1960. </span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Post metamorphic growth in anurans. <i>Am. Midl. Nat</i>. 64(2): 327-238.</span><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Turner, F.B. 1962.</span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> The demography of frogs and toads. <i>Q. Rev. Biol</i>. 37(4): 303-314.</span><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Wallace, J. Eric. 2005. </span></b><i><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Eleutherodactylus (=Syrrhophus) cystignathoides</span></i><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> (Cope, 1878a "1877). Rio Grande Chirping Frog. <i>in</i> Lannoo, Michael (ed.), <i>Amphibian Declines: the conservation status of United States species</i>. Berkeley: Univ. of Cal. Press, pp. 494-495. </span><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">[Provides a general summary of taxonomic, ecological, and life history, relying heavily on <b>Wright and Wright (1949)</b> and <b>Hayes-Odum (1990).</b> Presents a very conservative, outdated distribution map by counties. Notes that these frogs have no state or federal conservation status. States that predators of this species are unknown, ignoring <b>Conant's (1955)</b> note of a </span></i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">Coniophanies imperialis<i> regurgitating it. Concludes with: "The recent introduction of Rio Grande chirping frogs . . . may place introduced frogs in direct contact with resident populations of cliff chirping frogs and other amphibians. The repercussions of this interaction are unknown, but detrimental effects could include introduction of novel disease pathogens, competition, and/or hybridization. Measures should be instituted to decrease the likelihood of further introductions." - TEL]<o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Wauer, R. 1980</span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">. <i>Naturalist's Big Bend. An introduction to the trees and shrubs, wildflowers, cacti, mammals, birds, reptiles and amphibians, fish, and insects.</i> College Station: Texas A&M University Press.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span></b> <b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Williams, A.A., Williams, A.J, and K. Manuel. 2012</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">. Geographic distribution. <i>Syrrhophus cystignathoides. Herpetol. Rev.</i> 43(3): 439. </span><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">[<b>Calcasieu Parish, LA</b>. record - a male calling from a "wooded area of dense thicket and briar" in Moss Bluff. </span></i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">E. planirostris<i> is also known from this parish - TEL]<o:p></o:p></i></span><br />
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<b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Wright, A.H., and A.A. Wright. 1931. </span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Some Stejneger species photographed from life. <i>Copeia</i> 1931:83-85.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Wright, A.H., and A.A. Wright. 1938. </span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Amphibians of Texas. <i>Proc. Trans. Tex. Acad. Sci.</i> 21(2): 5-44.</span><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Wright, A.H., and A.A. Wright. 1949. </span></b><i><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Handbook of frogs and toads of the United States and Canada</span></i><span style="font-size: 10pt;">. Ithaca, N.Y.: Comstock Publishing Co. </span><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">[Perhaps the best (and wonderfully anecdotal) account of this species yet published, from notes made more than seventy years ago - TEL ]</span></i><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Xue Zhi Dai and D. E. Wells. 2000</span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">. Short Communication: Vgl Orthology in the Direct Developing Frog, <i>Syrrhophus cystignathoides campi</i>. <a href="file:///C:/Program%20Files/Microsoft%20FrontPage/temp/title~content=t713640135~db=all"><i><span style="color: #ff6600;">DNA Sequence</span></i></a> <a href="file:///C:/Program%20Files/Microsoft%20FrontPage/temp/title~content=t713640135~db=all~tab=issueslist~branches=11/lv11HYPERLINK./title~content=t713640135~db=all~tab=issueslist~branches=11/lv11"><span style="color: #ff6600;">11</span></a>(<a href="file:///C:/Program%20Files/Microsoft%20FrontPage/temp/title~content=g791396256~db=all"><span style="color: #ff6600;">5): </span></a>433 - 437. </span><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">[<b>Abstract: </b></span></i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">Syrrhophus cystignathoides campi<i> is a direct developing frog species that matures without passing through a larval (tadpole) stage. We have cloned and sequenced the </i>Syrrhophus<i> cDNA orthologous to the </i>Xenopus<i> Vgl cDNA. The Syrrhophus Vgl (sVgl) cDNA spans 1323 nucleotides and encodes a predicted protein of 345 amino acids which is 81% identical at its carboxyl terminal end to </i>Xenopus<i> Vgl. In addition, it contains seven conserved cysteine residues present in all Vgl related proteins. Despite this high degree of similarity it is apparently missing a conserved N-linked glycosylation site and has an altered proteolytic processing sequence. Interestingly it is also missing a nine nucleotide sequence in its 3' UTR believed to be important for mRNA localization in </i>Xenopus<i> and </i>Drosophila<i>. These sequence variations could alter the functional expression and localization of the protein. -- TEL]</i></span><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><i>Internet Resources</i></b><b><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="color: windowtext;"><a href="http://wimp.nsm.uh.edu/syrrhophus/index.htm">Rio Grande Chirping Frog page</a></span> </span></b><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">[Excellent site maintained by a group at the University of Houston. Includes the following: </span></i><b><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><br />
</span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> </span><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">Natural history<br /> Current research at the University of Houston<br /> Molecular tool development<br /> Developmental analysis<br /> Evolutionary aspects<br /> Captive breeding project<br /> Related web sites<br /> Sound bite of call<br /> Numerous photos<br /> <a href="http://wimp.nsm.uh.edu/syrrhophus/develop.htm"><span style="color: #ff6600;">Photographic sequence of morphological development from egg to hatching</span></a> - TEL]</span></i><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="color: windowtext;"><a href="http://amphibiaweb.org/cgi-bin/amphib_query?query_src=aw_lists_genera_&table=amphib&where-genus=Eleutherodactylus&where-species=cystignathoides">AmphibiaWeb Species Account</a></span><span style="color: red;"> </span></span></b><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">[Under </span></i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">Eleutherodactylus<i>, provides a generally up to date summary of taxonomic and natural history references for this taxon -- TEL]</i></span><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Frost, Darrel R. 2004.</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"> Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 3.0 (22 August, 2004). Electronic Database accessible at <a href="http://research.amnh.org/herpetology/amphibia/index.html"><span style="color: windowtext;">http://research.amnh.org/herpetology/amphibia/index.html</span></a>. American Museum of Natural History, New York, USA.<span style="color: red;"> <i>[Under </i>Eleutherodactylus<i>, provides synonomy, English names, distribution, contained taxa, </i>incertae sedis<i>, and comments -- TEL]<o:p></o:p></i></span></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Arctos Multi-Institution, Multi-Collection Museum Database.</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"> http://arctos.database.museum/SpecimenResultsHTML.cfm. Accessed 3 March 2013. <i><span style="color: red;">[A specimen cataloged into the Museum of Vertebrate Zoology collection at the University of California - Berkeley (MVZ: Herp: 129136) as "</span></i><span style="color: red;">Syrrhophus cystignathoides<i>" from " Four-mile Cave, 3.5 mi N Del Rio, Val Verde County" collected on 26 April 1975 by Samuel S. Sweet, also likely represents an erroneous identification due to the facts that it was taken 1) in a cave, and 2) to the north of Del Rio, where the karst-dwelling E. marnockii is well-known (Arctos DB 2013). Consequently, this specimen should not be considered a Val Verde County record until its identity is verified - although it should not prove surprising if E. cystignathoides is found existing edificially within the city itself. <o:p></o:p></i></span></span></div>
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<b><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">UPDATE:</span></i></b><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;"> Email from <b>Eric Lee</b>:"</span></i><span style="font-family: 'Segoe UI', sans-serif; font-size: 6.5pt;"> </span><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 8.0pt;">I located and contacted Carol Spencer of the MVZ Collection at Berkeley and had them send me pictures of the voucher in question (<b>MVZ:Herp:129136</b>). I then conferred with Travis LaDuc at UT’s Department of Integrative Biology, who then forwarded the pictures to Tom Devitt, also at DIB. The consensus was that<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><b>MVZ:Herp:129136</b><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>was indeed<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span></i><span style="color: red; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">E. marnockii</span><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 8.0pt;">. I have since passed this information along to Carol who agreed to update their database.<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><b>MVZ:Herp:129136</b><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>is now correctly cataloged as<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span></i><span style="color: red; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">E. marnockii</span><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 8.0pt;">." -</span></i><span style="font-family: 'Segoe UI', sans-serif; font-size: 6.5pt;"> </span><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;"> TEL] <o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
Tom Lotthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00201548346973561680noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-212420547045451837.post-78850051186600203862016-01-16T18:19:00.000-06:002016-01-16T18:19:47.151-06:00Cliff Chirping Frog (Eleutherodactylus [Syrrhophus] marnockii)<div align="center" style="text-align: center;">
<strong><span style="font-size: 14pt;">An Annotated Bibliography of the Cliff Chirping Frog<br />(</span></strong><em><b><span style="font-size: 14pt;">Syrrhophus marnockii</span></b></em><strong><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> Cope)</span></strong><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10pt;">Compiled by Tom Lott [TEL] - Last updated </span><!--[if supportFields]><span
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color:black'><span style='mso-element:field-end'></span></span><![endif]--><span style="font-size: 10pt;">.</span><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<em><span style="color: red; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt;">[These bibliographies and their annotations are an on-going project. I have many comments on papers that I have not yet posted but I will attempt to attend to this task as time allows. Comments proffered in the annotations are strictly my own opinions and should be taken as such. If you wish to comment or supply additional references that I have overlooked, you may contact me via E-mail. To correspond with me, Email me at tomlott[at]thornscrub[dot]com. Thanks for reading, Tom Lott ]</span></em><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<strong><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Baker, J.K. 1956. </span></strong><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Frogs of Texas caves. <em>Tex. Caver </em>1(10): 8-9.</span><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<strong><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Baldauf, R.J. and E.C. Tanzer. 1965. </span></strong><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Contributions to the cranial morphology of the leptodactylid frog,<em> Syrrhophus marnock</em>i Cope. <em>Tex. J. Sc</em>i. 17(1):71-100.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<strong><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Bartlett, R.D. and P.P. Bartlett. 1999b. </span></strong><strong><i><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: normal;">A Field Guide to Texas Reptiles and Amphibians</span></i></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: normal;">.</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> </span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: normal;">Gulf Publishing Company, Houston, Texas. </span></strong><strong><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt; font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">[As </span></i></strong><strong><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt; font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Eleutherodactylus (Syrrhophus) marnockii<i>. Provides a typical field guide account, complete with a vague range map, an excellent color photo of an individual from an unspecified locality, and a generally good description of the species' characteristics. However, the statement "Once rather firmly associated with natural areas, the cliff chirping frog is now known from urban trash piles, dumping areas, and watered lawns, as well" sounds much more descriptive of </i>E. cystignathoides<i> than </i>E. marnockii<i>, which I personally have never found in edificarian situations, although I would not be totally surprised if this were true in some of the more densely populated areas on the southern edge of the Edwards Plateau. I would be very surprised to find them very far from limestone outcroppings or at least masonry constructions that resemble such, such as stone fences, etc. Later, under "Similar Species," the Bartletts suggest using range maps to distinguish between the three Texas species, since "The ranges of the other two species of chirping frogs do not overlap with the range of the cliff chirping frog," which was not true even in 1999 when this work appeared (the first published Bexar County record of </i>E. cystignathoides<i> {</i></span></strong><strong><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">Mather and Dixon 1976</span></i></strong><strong><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt; font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">} was from an area barely on the Balcones Fault Zone, which is generally the southern limit of </span></i></strong><strong><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt; font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">E. marnockii<i> in central Texas. - TEL]</i></span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: normal;"><o:p></o:p></span></strong><br />
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<strong><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Blair, W.F. 1949</span></strong><span style="font-size: 10pt;">. The biotic provinces of Texas. <em>Texas J. Sci.</em> 2(1):93-117.</span><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<strong><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Brown, B.C. 1950</span></strong><span style="font-size: 10pt;">. <em>An annotated check list of the reptiles and amphibians of Texas</em>. Waco, Tex.:Baylor Univ. Studies.</span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"> </span><em><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">[Referred to as the "Balcones Chirper." Recorded in thirteen central Texas counties, west to Val Verde and Sutton Cos. A key to the Texas species is provided. Suggests (under the </span></em><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">S. gaigeae<em> {= </em>S. guttilatus<em>} account) that </em>S. marnocki<em> and </em>S. gaigeae<em> "may actually be the same species or at most subspecies." Under "Remarks": </em>"Syrrhophus marnockii<em> is common throughout its range in central Texas. It is perhaps one of our most interesting and picturesque frogs. Little is known of its life history as is true of all the members of the genus </em>Syrrhophus<em> in Texas. Its relation to </em>S. gaigeae<em> needs investigation." -- TEL]</em></span><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<strong><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Conant, R. 1958. </span></strong><em><span style="font-size: 10pt;">A field guide to the reptiles and amphibians of the United States and Canada east of the 100<sup>th</sup> meridian.</span></em><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<b><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">_________.</span></b><b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> 1975</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">. <i>A field guide to the reptiles and amphibians: Eastern and central North America. </i>2<sup>nd</sup><i> </i>edition. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<strong><span style="font-size: 10pt;">_________. and J.T. Collins. 1991</span></strong><span style="font-size: 10pt;">. <em>A field guide to reptiles and amphibians of eastern-central North America</em>. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co.<br />
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<strong>________________________. 1998</strong>. <em>A field guide to reptiles and amphibians of eastern-central North America, 3<sup>rd</sup> edition (expanded)</em>. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co.<br />
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<strong>Cope, E.D. 1878a</strong>. A Texas cliff frog. <em>Am. Nat</em>. 12: 186. </span><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">[Apparently not actually written by Cope, this very brief article refers to </span></i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">Craugastor<i> </i>latrans <i>rather than </i>S. marnockii<i> - TEL]</i></span><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> [<a href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/2447674#page_scan_tab_contents?seq=4">PDF</a>]<br /></span><br />
<strong><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Cope, E.D. 1878b</span></strong><span style="font-size: 10pt;">. A new genus of Cystignathidae from Texas. <em>Am. Nat</em>. 12: 253.</span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"> </span><em><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">[The incredibly brief original "description" of this taxon -- TEL]</span></em><em><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt; font-style: normal; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;"> </span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal;">[<a href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/2463793#page_scan_tab_contents?seq=2">PDF</a>]</span></em><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"><br />
</span><strong><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Cope, E.D. 1889</span></strong><span style="font-size: 10pt;">. <em>The Batrachia of North America</em>. Bull. U.S. Natl. Mus. 34: 1-525.</span><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<strong><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Curtis, L. 1951b. </span></strong><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Physiographic influence of the Edwards Plateau on its endemic amphibian fauna-a resume. <em>Field Lab</em> 19(3): 119-124.<br />
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<strong>Dickerson, M.C. 1931. </strong><em>The frog book</em>. Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, Doran and Co. <br />
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<strong>Dixon, J.R. 1987</strong>. <em>Amphibians and reptiles of Texas.</em> College Station: Texas A&M Press.<br />
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<strong>_________. 1993. </strong>Supplement to the literature for the <em>Amphibians and reptiles of Texas</em>, 1987. <em>Smithson. Herpetol. Info. Serv</em>. 94:1-43.</span><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<strong><span style="font-size: 10pt;">_________. 1996b. </span></strong><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Ten year supplement to Texas herpetological county records published in <em>Amphibians and reptiles of Texas</em>, 1987. <em>Texas Herpetol. Soc. Spec. Publ.</em> (2):1-64. </span><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<strong><span style="font-size: 10pt;">_________. 1997. </span></strong><span style="font-size: 10pt;">1997 supplement to Texas herpetological county records and Texas literature. <em>Texas Herpetol. Soc. Spec. Publ.</em> (3):1-14</span><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<strong><span style="font-size: 10pt;">_________. 2000</span></strong><span style="font-size: 10pt;">. <em>Amphibians and reptiles of Texas</em>. (2<sup>nd</sup> edition). College Station: Texas A&M Press. </span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"> </span><em><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">[Includes 61 literature citations for this species- from which most of these were initially drawn; declines to follow Hedges' lumping of </span></em><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">Syrrhophus<em> into a subgenus of </em>Eleutherodactylus. Under "Remarks": "M.J. Forstner suspects that there is a gradient in size and color pattern between the cliff and spotted chirping frogs (pers. comm.). It seems evident that Big Bend and Edwards Plateau chirping frogs are closely related, and probably represent the same species." <em> - TEL]<o:p></o:p></em></span><br />
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<b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;">_________. 2013.</span></b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;"> <i>Amphibians and reptiles of Texas</i>. 3rd Ed. W. L. Moody, Jr., Nat. Hist. Ser. 25. College Station: Texas A&M University Press. </span><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">[As </span></i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">Syrrhophus (Eleutherodactylus) marnockii<i>. Provides 65 literature citations for this taxon. Omits a Crockett County record (<b>Pope et al. 2008</b>), which is erroneously attributed and mapped to </i>S. cystignathoides<i> in the account for that species. - TEL]<o:p></o:p></i></span><br />
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<b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;">_______., Hibbitts, T.J., and M.R.J. Forstner. 2007</span></b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;">. Texas herpetological literature and county records 2000 to 2006-07. <i>Publ. Tex. Herpetol. Soc</i>. 1(1):1-58. <o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Dodd, C. Kenneth. 2013</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">. <i>Frogs of the United States and Canada</i>, 2-vol. set. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. Kindle Edition. <i><span style="color: red;">[Includes a good taxonomic history. Extensively cites <b>Jameson (1955</b>) for natural history information. Includes a photo of habitat as well as an adult. - TEL]<o:p></o:p></span></i></span></div>
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<strong><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Fouquette, M.J., Jr. 1960. </span></strong><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Call structure in frogs of the family Leptodactylidae. <em>Tex. J. Sci</em>. 12(3-4): 210-215.</span><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<strong><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Frost, Darrel R. 2004.</span></strong><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 3.0 (22 August, 2004). Electronic Database accessible at: </span><a href="http://research.amnh.org/herpetology/amphibia/index.html">http://research.amnh.org/herpetology/amphibia/index.html</a><span style="font-size: 10pt;">. American Museum of Natural History, New York, USA.</span><span style="color: #0000a0; font-size: 10.0pt;"> </span><em><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">[Under </span></em><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">Eleutherodactylus<em>, provides synonymy, English names (though omitting <b>Bryce Brown's {1950</b>} "Balcones Chirper"), distribution, contained taxa, </em>incertae sedis<em>, and comments -- TEL]</em></span><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Frost, Grant, Faivovich, Bain, Haas, Haddad, De Sá, Channing, Wilkinson, Donnellan, Raxworthy, Campbell, Blotto, Moler, Drewes, Nussbaum, Lynch, Green & Wheeler. 2006. </span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">The Amphibian Tree of Life. <i>Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History </i>297: 1-370.</span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"> </span><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">[Resurrected the full genus </span></i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">Syrrhophus<i> from </i>Eleutherodactylus<i> -- TEL]</i></span><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<strong><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Ferguson, A.W., McDonough, M.M., and M.R.J. Forstner. 2008. </span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: normal;">Herpetofaunal inventory of Camp Mabry, Austin, Texas: Community composition in an urban landscape. <i>Tex. J. Sci</i>. 60:123-136.<o:p></o:p></span></strong><br />
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<strong><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Gaige, H.T. 1931. </span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: normal;">Notes on <i>Syrrhophus marnocki</i> Cope. <i>Copeia</i> 1931:63.<o:p></o:p></span></strong><br />
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<strong><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Garrett, J.M. and D.G. Barker. 1987</span></strong><span style="font-size: 10pt;">. <em>A Field Guide to the Reptiles and Amphibians of Texas</em>. Austin: Texas Monthly Press.</span><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<strong><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Gehlbach, F.R. And J.K. Baker. 1962.</span></strong><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> Kingsnakes allied with <em>Lampropeltis mexicana</em>: Taxonomy and natural history. <em>Copeia</em> 1962 (2): 291-300. </span><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">[Mentioned that this frog, along with </span></i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">Craugaster augusti latrans<i>, had been collected in the Dunbar Cave sinkhole in Edwards County, Texas, where a specimen of </i>Lampropeltis alterna<i> was found by the junior author. - TEL]</i></span><i><span style="color: red; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></i><br />
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<strong><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Hampton, N. 1976.</span></strong><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> Annotated checklist of the amphibians and reptiles of Travis County, Texas. Pp. 84-101 in <em>A bird finding and naturalist's guide for Austin, Texas, area</em>. Edited by E. Kutac and S. Caran. Austin, Tex.: Oasis Press.</span><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Hedges, S.B., Duellman, W.E. & Heinicke, M.P. 2008. </span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">New World Direct-developing Frogs (Anura: Terrarana): Molecular Phylogeny, Classification, Biogeography, and Conservation. Zootaxa 1737: 1-182.</span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"> </span><em><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">[The Family Eleutherodactylidae ("Free-toed Frogs") is resurrected to include all US members of </span></em><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">Eleutherodactylus/Syrrhophus<em> -- TEL] </em></span><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Heinicke, M.P., Duellman, W.E. and Hedges, S.B. 2007</span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">. Major Caribbean and Central American Frog Faunas Originated by Ancient Ocenaic Dispersal. <i>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences </i>104(24): 9913-10294</span><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;"> <i>[Once again returns genus </i>Syrrhophus <i>to </i>Eleutherodactylus<b><i> </i></b><i>-- TEL]</i></span><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<strong><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><br /></span></strong></div>
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<strong><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Hibbard, C.W. and W.W. Dalquest. 1966. </span></strong><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Fossils from the Seymour Formation of Knox and Baylor Counties, Texas, and their bearing on the late Kansan climate of that region. <em>Contrib. Mus. Paleontol. Univ. Mich.</em> 21: 1-66.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<i><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">[The authors describe this period as follows: "The climate at the time this fauna lived is considered to have been frost free, mesothermal, moist, subhumid and of the maritime type." - TEL]</span></i><strong><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond;"><br />
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<!--[endif]--></span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><o:p></o:p></span></strong></div>
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<strong><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Holman, J.A. 1969a. </span></strong><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Pleistocene amphibians from a cave in Edwards County, Texas. <em>Tex. J. Sci.</em> 21(1): 63-68.<br />
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<strong>Holman, J.A. 1969c. </strong>The Pleistocene amphibians and reptiles of Texas. <em>Publ. Mich. State Mus. Biol. Ser</em>. 1(6): 203-60</span><i><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">. [Summarizes records of fossils attributed to this species: "Localities. LATE KANSAN: Vera faunule, Knox County (</span></i><b><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Tihen 1960</span></b><i><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">, </span></i><b><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Hibbard and Dalquest 1966</span></b><i><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">). SANGAMON: Easley Ranch local fauna, Foard County (</span></i><b><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Lynch 1964</span></b><i><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">). <br /> </span></i><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">"Remarks<i>. </i></span><i><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Both of these records are from sites that lie well within the Kansan biotic province today. </span></i><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Syrrhophus marnocki </span><i><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">is a species that is now a common cavernicolous form in the Balconian biotic province, and ranges into the Chihuahuan biotic province in the mountains (<b>Blair 1950</b>). Thus, the fossils are far north of their present-day range. Both the Vera faunule record and the Easley Ranch local fauna record are based on a single ilium." -TEL]<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<strong><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Hubbs, C. and F.D. Martin. 1967.</span></strong><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> <em>Bufo valliceps</em> breeding in artificial pools. <em>Southwest Nat.</em> 12(1): 105-106.<br />
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<strong>________., Edwards, R., Powell, R., Potter, F., Longley, G., Telfair, R., Baccus, J., and D.J. Schmidly. 1984. </strong><strong><span style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Endangered, threatened, & watch list of vertebrates of Texas. Austin: Texas Organization for Endangered Species.<o:p></o:p></span></strong></span><br />
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<strong><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Husack, J.F. 1998. </span></strong><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Geographic distribution. <em>Eleutherodactylus marnockii.</em> <em>Herpetol. Rev. </em>29(1): </span><i><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;">48</span></i><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;"> [<b>Tom Green Co.</b> record; from 8 km S Christoval; on the South Concho River - TEL]<br />
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<strong>Jameson, D.L. 1954. </strong>Social patterns in the leptodactylid frogs <em>Syrrhophus</em> and <em>Eleutherodactylus.</em> <em>Copeia</em>1954 (1): 36-38.<br />
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<strong>Jameson, D.L. 1955.</strong> The population dynamics of the cliff frog, <em>Syrrhophus marnocki. Amer. Midl. Nat.</em> 54(2): 342-381. </span><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">[Still the best and only comprehensive study of the ecology of this species, combining extensive field work, experimental field manipulations, and laboratory observations. Population studies were conducted at 12 different sites around Austin, Texas. Densities were estimated at between 1.2-8.9 frogs/acre, the variation being attributed to the amount and composition of saxicolous habitat, combined with available moisture and vegetational cover. Peaks in breeding activity were in April-May and another during September-October, both coinciding with rain events. Calls were most pronounced in the early evening, decreasing as the night progressed; during the more intensive breeding periods, however, calls may be heard throughout the night and into the daylight hours. Notes difficulty in sexing individuals, relying mainly upon the presence of visible eggs in the abdomen of adult females and the calling of adult males. It was surmised that males mated several times during the year, while females may mate from 1-3 times per year. Amplexus is axillary. Amplexing frogs may continue to chirp, possibly guiding females to moist deposition sites, since males in captivity ceased chirping while in amplexus at a moist site. No natural egg deposition sites were discovered during this study, despite efforts specifically directed towards finding them. Captive females laid from 8-20 eggs in soil depressions, which were subsequently covered by both sexes. All eggs laid in captivity proved sterile. Noted, from the drowning of a captive placed in a jar of water, that the frogs are incapable of swimming, possibly accounting for a decrease in activity observed during periods of intense rainfall. Calculated home ranges appeared to vary with habitat type from 0.052-0.139 acres; the smallest home ranges being found within the most diverse habitat types. Frogs were observed at temperatures as high as 90<sup>o</sup>F.</span></i><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> <o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">LaDuc, T.J. and C.R. Infante. 2001</span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">. New Texas county records of amphibians and reptiles. <i>Herpetol. Rev</i>. 32(4): 284-285. </span><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">[<b>Caldwell County record</b> - "Lockhart, 4 mi NE. 14 November 1953. Trevino. TNHC 20753." There are no other comments with this entry despite the fact that it is an outlier to the usual distribution and habitat of this species - TEL]<br />
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<strong>Lynch, J.D. 1964. </strong>Additional hylid and leptodactylid remains from the Pleistocene of Texas and Florida. <em>Herpetologica</em> 20(2): 141-142. <br />
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<strong style="font-size: 10pt;">Lynch, J.D. 1970.</strong><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> A taxonomic revision of the leptodactylid frog genus </span><em style="font-size: 10pt;">Syrrhophus</em><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> Cope. </span><em style="font-size: 10pt;">Univ. Kans. Publ. Mus. Nat. Hist.</em><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> 20(1): 1-45.</span><br />
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<b><span style="color: #222222; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><br /></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="color: #222222; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Malnate, Edmond V. </span></b><b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">1971</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">. A Catalog of Primary Types in the Herpetological Collections of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia (ANSP). <i>Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. </i></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 6.5pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">123: 345-375<br />
<i><span style="color: red;">[</span></i></span><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">"</span></i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Syrrhophus marnocki<i> Cope 1878. American Naturalist, 12: 252<br /> </i>Syntypes<i>: (4) ANSP 10765-68; Texas, Bexar County, nr. San Antonio: G. W. Marnock." <br />Apparently this designation of syntypes (two or more specimens selected from available material to serve as types) was necessary due to the extremely abbreviated nature of Cope's original type "description". - TEL]</i> </span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[Access: <a href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/4064676?seq=9#page_scan_tab_contents">http://www.jstor.org/stable/4064676?seq=9#page_scan_tab_contents </a>]</span></div>
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<strong><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Malone, J.H. 1998. </span></strong><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Geographic distribution. <em>Syrrhophus marnockii</em>. <em>Herpetol. Rev</em>. 29(4): 247. </span><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">[<b>Bandera Co. Record</b>; from Lost Maples State Natural Area (but see <b>Smith and Chiszar 1997</b>) - TEL]<br />
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<strong>________., and Paredes-Leon, R. 2005. </strong><strong><span style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> Characteristics of chigger mite (<i>Hannemania</i> sp.) parasitism on <i>Eleutherodactylus marnocki</i> (Amphibia: Leptodactylidae). <i>Tex. J. Sci</i>. 57:345-358.<o:p></o:p></span></strong></span><br />
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<strong><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Marr, J.C. 1944. </span></strong><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Notes on amphibians and reptiles from the central United States. <em>Am.</em><strong><i> </i></strong><em>Midl</em><strong><i>. </i></strong><em>Nat</em><strong><i>.</i></strong> 32(2): 478-490. </span><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">[Recorded one specimen from Sutton County on 23 April 1942: "This specimen, SNHM 7644, was taken two miles north of Sonora under a large, flat piece of limestone. It had rained the night before and the ground was quite moist." - TEL]</span></i><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> </span><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;">[<a href="http://www.cnah.org/Travis/2304.pdf">PDF</a>] </span><br />
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<b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;">Maxwell, T.C. 2013. </span></b><i><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;">Wildlife of the Concho Valley</span></i><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;">. College Station: Texas A&M Univ. Press. 292 pp. </span><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">[Only two museum records for this species were found from the Concho Basin, one each from Schleicher and Tom Green counties. However, "This elusive frog is most likely more widely distributed over the Concho Valley where limestone exposures occur." - TEL]<o:p></o:p></span></i><br />
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<strong><span style="font-size: 10pt;">McAlister, W. 1954. </span></strong><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Natural history notes on the barking frog. <em>Herpetologica</em> 10(3): 197-199.</span><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<strong><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Merker, Gerald. 1999.</span></strong><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> The Lovely Cliff Chirping Frog. <em>Reptile Hobbyist</em> March, 1999: 44-48.</span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"> </span><em><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">[Provides field observations, photos of </span></em><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">S. marnocki<em> (along with </em>S. c. campi<em> and </em>S. guttilatus<em>; erroneously states that the latter is "protected" by the state of Texas), as well as rare captive management techniques. States that </em>S. marnockii<em> has not been bred in captivity -- TEL] </em></span><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<strong><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Milstead, W.W. 1960a. </span></strong><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Supplementary notes on the herpetofauna of the Stockton Plateau. <em>Tex. J. Sci.</em> 12(3): 228-231.</span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"> </span><em><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">[A follow-up to the 1950 paper, Milstead re-visited several of his Stockton Plateau sites in 1957 and 1959. In 1957 the area was in the final stages of the great seven year drought which had begun in 1949. In 1959, vegetative recovery from the drought was "remarkable." In the persimmon-shinoak association, "Cliff frogs (</span></em><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">Syrrhophus marnocki<em>) were abundant during night collecting trips on the rim rocks in 1949, and their calls were frequently heard. No individuals were seen or heard in 1957 or 1959." -- TEL]</em></span><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<strong><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Milstead, W.W. 1960b</span></strong><span style="font-size: 10pt;">. Relict Species of the Chihuahuan Desert. <em>Southwest. Nat.</em> 5(2):75-88. </span><em><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">[Including what is now considered </span></em><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">S. guttilatus<em>, Milstead listed </em>S. marnockii<em> as one of fourteen relict species of the Chihuahuan Desert. "Collections in Big Bend National Park in 1957 and 1958 yielded several additional specimens and indicated that the population is still quite strong. It appears to have disappeared from the Stockton Plateau, however." This last statement is puzzling and apparently based upon his failure to see or hear them during his return visits to his Stockton Plateau localities where they were formerly abundant at the surface (</em><strong>Milstead, W.W. 1960a</strong><em>) -- TEL]</em></span><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<strong><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Milstead, W.W. 1965b.</span></strong><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> Notes on some poorly known fossils of box turtles (<em>Terrapene</em>). <em>Copeia</em> 1965(4): 513-514.<br />
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<strong>Milstead, W.W.</strong>, <strong>J.S. Meacham, and H. McClintock. 1950. </strong>The amphibians and reptiles of the Stockton Plateau in northern Terrell County, Texas. <em>Tex. J. Sci</em>. 2(4): 543-562</span><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">. [In this study </span></i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">S. marnockii<i> was found to be remarkably concentrated in the "Cedar-Oak Association" (i.e., Juniper-Oak assn.), which is described as: ". . . occurs in narrow canyons and canyon heads. It has a high amount of rock coverage and thick vegetation, mostly cedar and shinoak." Twenty-four of the 26 specimens of this species collected (92.3%) were from this vegetational association, with one each (3.8% each) from the Persimmon-shinoak and Live-oak associations. The authors were unable to distinguish the calls of these Stockton Plateau frogs from that of those from the eastern part of the Edwards Plateau.<br /> The authors were further unable to distinguish between</i>S. marnockii<i> and the recently described Big Bend form, </i>S. gaigae<i>, on the basis of coloration as stated in the description of </i>S. gaigae<i> (<b>Schmidt and Smith 1944</b>), and they concluded that those authors' purported differences in head width between these two populations was a function more of growth than of overall difference. Consequently they proposed relegating </i>S. gaigae<i> to the synonymy of </i>S. marnockii<i>. This study also filled-in a significant gap in the known range of the two populations between the Edwards Plateau and the Big Bend area. - TEL]<o:p></o:p></i></span><br />
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<strong><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Mohr, C.E. 1939. </span></strong><span style="font-size: 10pt;">I explore caves. <em>Nat. Hist</em>. 43(4): 190-204.</span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<strong><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Mohr, C.E. 1948c.</span></strong><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> Unique animals inhabit subterranean Texas. <em>Bull. Natl. Speleol. Soc</em>. 10: 15-21, 88.<br />
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<span style="font-size: 10pt;"><strong>Mohr, C.E. 1958.</strong> Creatures of darkness. <em>Illus. Lib. Nat. Sci</em>. 1:606-617.</span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<strong><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Morafka, D.J. 1977. </span></strong><span style="font-size: 10pt;">A biogeographical analysis of the Chihuahuan desert through its herpetofauna. <em>Biogeographica</em> 9: 1-313.</span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"> </span><em><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">[Asserted that </span></em><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">S. marnockii<em> and </em>S. guttilatus<em> were conspecific based upon specimens intermediate between the two collected in the Sierra de Agava, east of Monclova, Nuevo Leon -- TEL] </em></span><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<strong><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Olson, R.E. 1958.</span></strong><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> An Inquiry Into the Status of the Texas Frogs of the Genus <em>Syrrhophus</em>. <em>Bull. S.W. Tex. Herp. Soc. </em>1(1): 4</span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"> </span><em><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">[Author states that except for "trivial" differences in size, almost no differences exist between </span></em><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">S. marnockii<em> and </em>S.<em> </em>campi<em>. Comparing dorsal markings on thirteen preserved </em>S. campi<em> (collected in 1925 by R.D. Camp himself) in the Witte Memorial Museum collection with preserved </em>S. marnockii<em>, Olson found "no appreciable difference between the marking (such as it could be determined) on the preserved </em>campi<em> and the </em>marnocki<em>." He also cites his collection of a topotypical </em>S. marnockii<em> with a reticulate dorsal pattern (supposedly a character of the similar sized </em>S. gaigeae<em> (= </em>S. guttilatus<em>) as an indication that the incidence of the reticulate pattern might increase to the west in </em>marnockii<em>, making </em>gaigeae<em> at best a subspecies of </em>S. marnocki (<i>he is apparently unaware that <b>Milstead</b></i><b> et al. <i>{1950}</i></b><i> had previously proposed the sinking of</i> S. gaigae).<em> Olson provides comparative measurements of a typical </em>marnockii<em> and his reticulate specimen from the same locality. Line drawings of the dorsum of each specimen are also presented. He concludes that: "There is much need for collecting aiming for </em>Syrrhophus<em> in the counties between Bexar and Cameron, and Uvalde to Brewster," clearly implying that the three taxa are conspecific. -- TEL] </em></span><em><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt; font-style: normal; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">[<a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B-Wla23JXrgcRFRjaF9KQ1BZZzQ/view?usp=sharing">PDF</a>]</span></em><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<strong><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Olson, R.E. 1959.</span></strong><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> Herpetofaunal Notes On South-Central Texas Caves. <em>Bull. S.W. Tex. Herp. Soc.</em> 2(1): 4-7.</span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"> </span><em><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">[Author considers </span></em><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">S. marnockii<em> to be a "semi-permanent inhabitant" of caves, along with </em>Eleutherodactylus latrans <em>and most of the neotenic </em>Euryceas<em>. These are described as herptiles with the "ability to carry on life in total darkness." He notes also that </em>S. marnockii<em> from caves are "faded lavender" in coloration, while surface dwelling specimens are "almost invariably leaf-green." -- TEL] </em></span><em><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt; font-style: normal; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">[<a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B-Wla23JXrgccXV5andIb3NvLXc/view?usp=sharing">PDF</a>]</span></em><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<b><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Owen, J.G. 1989. </span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Patterns of herpetofaunal species richness : Relation to temperature, precipitation, and variance in elevation. <i>J. Biogeogr</i>. 16:141-150.</span><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<strong><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Owen, J.G. and J.R. Dixon. 1989. </span></strong><span style="font-size: 10pt;">An ecogeographic analysis of the herpetofauna of Texas. <em>Southwest Nat</em>. 34(2): 165-180.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Owen, Jacob D., Marshall, Thomas. L. and Drew R. David. 2014</span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">. Geographic distribution. <em>Eleutherodactylus (=Syrrhophus) marnockii. Herpetol. Rev.</em> 45(4): 652. </span><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">[<b>Presidio County record</b>: Sierra Vieja Mountains, Camp Holland. "</span></i><i><span style="color: red;"> </span></i><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">We recognize this specimen as </span></i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">E. marnockii<i> based on phenotypic similarity to individuals from the Edwards Plateau, following <b>Milstead et al. (1950. Texas J. Sci. 2:543–562</b>). This species had previously been heard calling in canyons at this locality; however, collection attempts over the last 60 years have been unsuccessful (<b>Jameson and Flury 1949, op cit.</b> and <b>T. J. LaDuc, pers. comm</b>.). To the best of our knowledge, only two other voucher specimens of this species have been collected in Presidio Co., both in 1968 from San Esteban Lake (19.3 km SE of Marfa, Texas; Texas Cooperative Wildlife Collections [TCWC] 26056, 26057), ~74 km SW of Camp Holland. The next nearest locality of this species is from two specimens collected in 1964 from Musquiz Canyon, SE of Fort Davis (likely where it bisects the Arkansas and Puertacitas Mountains; TCWC 81651, 81652) in southeastern Jeff Davis Co., ~88 km E of Camp Holland. These four TCWC specimens are currently catalogued as </i>E. guttilatus<i>." Unfortunately the authors fail to mention the kind of rock substrate their specimens were found upon, since </i>S. guttilatus <i>may merely represent a color phase of </i>S. marnockii<i> found on igneous substrates rather than limestone ones. - TEL]<br />
</i></span><strong><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><br />Parmley, D. 1988a.</span></strong><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Additional Pleistocene amphibians and reptiles from the Seymour Formation, Texas. <em>J. Herpetol</em>. 22(1): 82-87.<br />
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<strong>Parmley, D. 1988b.</strong> Middle Holocene herpetofauna of Klein Cave, Kerr County, Texas. <em>Southwest. Nat</em>. 33(3): 378-382. </span><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">[One ilium, presumably of this species, was found in late Pleistocene/early Holocene deposits in this cavern located ca. 20 km WSW of Mountain Home, Kerr County. - TEL]</span></i><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<strong><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Pope, B. D., Roelke, C. R. and Makowsky, R. 2008.</span></strong><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> Geographic distribution. <em>Eleutherodactylus (=Syrrhophus) marnockii. Herpetol. Rev.</em> 39 (3): 362.</span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"> </span><em><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">[</span></em><strong><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">Crockett Co. record, </span></i></strong><strong><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt; font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">erroneously attributed and mapped to </span></i></strong><strong><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt; font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">S. cystignathoides <i>in </i></span></strong><strong><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">Dixon (2013).</span></i></strong><strong><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt; font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span></i></strong><em><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">- TEL]<o:p></o:p></span></em><br />
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><br /></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Price, M. S. and T<span class="A4">. M. Dimler. 2015. </span></span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">New Distributional Records for the Herpetofauna of Texas. </span><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Herpetol. Rev</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">. 46(4): 605–607. </span><i><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">[Reports a specimen from Ozona, Crockett County as filling a distributional gap. However this county has previously been reported for this species by <b>Pope </b></span></i><b><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">et al<i>.</i></span></b><i><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"> (2008) - TEL]<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;">Raun, G.G. and F.R. Gehlbach. 1972</span></b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;">. Amphibians and reptiles in Texas. <i>Dallas Mus. Nat. Hist. Bull</i>. 2: 1-61. </span><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">[As </span></i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">Syrrhophus marnocki<i> (</i>sic<i>); lists 37 citations; mentions fossil records from Knox, Foard, and Edwards counties (without attribution); county distribution map shows only records from Edwards and Stockton plateaus - TEL]<br />
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<strong>Reddell, J.R. 1970. </strong>A checklist of the cave fauna of Texas. VI. Additional records of Vertebrata. <em>Tex. J. Sci. </em>22(2-3): 139-158.<br />
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<strong>Reddell, J.R., and O. Knox.</strong> <strong>1962. </strong>The caves of Bexar County. <em>J. Tex. Speleol. Soc</em>. 1(4): 1-38. </span><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">[Scans of the spirit master original note that this cave was visited on two occasions in 1949 by David L. Jameson, apparently in association with work toward his Masters Degree (<b>Jameson 1949</b>). He collected thirteen barking frogs, several </span></i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">Syrrhophus marnockii<i>, two "leopard frogs", a </i>Bufo punctatus<i>, and a </i>Bufo valliceps<i>. </i>Plethodon <i>salamanders were described as "numerous." It is noted also that two copperheads had been removed from the cave earlier. - TEL]<br />
</i></span><span style="font-size: 10pt;">[<a href="http://www.texasspeleologicalsurvey.org/PDF/TSS_Volume1/TSS%201(4)%20compressed.pdf">PDF</a>] <br />
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<span style="font-size: 10pt;"><strong>_________., and A.R. Smith. 1965. </strong><strong><span style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">The caves of Edwards County. Tex. Speleol. Surv. 2:1-70.<o:p></o:p></span></strong></span><br />
<strong><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Schmidt, K.P. 1953. </span></strong><em><span style="font-size: 10pt;">A checklist of North American amphibians and reptiles.</span></em><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> Chicago: University of Chicago Press.<br />
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<strong>Smith, H.M. and H.K. Buechner. 1947. </strong>The influence of the Balcones Escarpment on the distribution of amphibians and reptiles in Texas. <em>Bull. Chi. Acad. Sci.</em> 8(1): 1-16.<br />
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<strong>Smith, H.M.</strong>, <strong>and D Chiszar. 1997. </strong>New records for amphibians and reptiles from Texas. <em>Herpetol. Rev</em>. 28(2): 99-100. </span><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">[<b>Bandera County</b> record, several specimens from near Medina. - TEL]</span></i><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><br />
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<strong>Smith, H.M.</strong>, <strong>and J.R. Dixon</strong>. <strong>1987. </strong>The amphibians and reptiles of Texas: A guide to records needed from Mexico. <em>Bull. Md. Herpetol. Soc</em>. 23(4): 154-157.<br />
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<span style="font-size: 10pt;"><strong>Smith, H.M.</strong>, <strong>and O. Sanders</strong>. <strong>1952a. </strong>Distributional data on Texas amphibians and reptiles. <em>Tex. J. Sci</em>. 4(2): 204-219.</span><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<strong><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Strecker, J.K. 1908b. </span></strong><span style="font-size: 10pt;">A preliminary annotated list of the Batrachia of Texas. <em>Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash</em>. 21: 53-62.</span><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<strong><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Strecker, J.K. 1915. </span></strong><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> Reptiles and amphibians of Texas. <em>Baylor Univ. Bull.</em> 18(4): 1-82.</span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"> </span><em><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">[Called "Marnock's Frog," this species was given only the terse entry, "Known only from the type locality, Helotes, Bexar County, Texas." -- TEL]</span></em><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<strong><span style="font-size: 10pt;">__________., 1922. </span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: normal;">An annotated catalogue of the amphibians and reptiles of Bexar County, Texas. <i>Bull. Sci. Soc. of San Antonio</i> 4:1-31. </span></strong><strong><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt; font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">[As "Marnock's Frog," "</span></i></strong><strong><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt; font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Syrrhopus marnocki<i>" (</i>sic<i>): "The type locality for this species is given as 'near San Antonio, Texas' but the types were really from the vicinity of the Marnock homestead on Helotes Creek. Like </i>Eleutherodactylus latrans<i>, this frog inhabits limestone bluffs. Although discovered more than forty years ago, it has not been found in any other locality." - TEL]</i></span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: normal;"> <o:p></o:p></span></strong><br />
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<strong><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Strecker, J.K. 1930. </span></strong><span style="font-size: 10pt;">A catalogue of the amphibians and reptiles of Travis County, Texas. <em>Contr. Baylor Univ. Mus</em>. 23:1-16.<br />
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<strong>Strecker, J.K. 1933.</strong> Collecting at Helotes, Bexar County, Texas. <em>Copeia </em>1933(2): 77-79. </span><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">[A posthumously published article. "Here, within a stone's throw of his home, he {Marnoch} discovered the type specimens of the frogs described by Cope under the name </span></i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">Lithodytes<i> (now </i>Eleutherodactylus<i>) </i>latrans<i> and </i>Syrrhophus marnockii<i>, the skink </i>Eumeces brevilineatus<i> Cope, the little variegated gecko many years later named </i>Coleonyx brevis<i> by Dr. Stejneger. . . . <br /> "Later in the year, in early November, . . . I again visited the place. . . . The single</i>Syrrhophus marnockii<i> was also found under a rock similar to those which housed the geckos. It was discovered early in the morning before it had thrown off the lethargy occasioned by the coolness of the preceding night and made no effort to get away but hugged the ground closely as though attempting to escape our observation by counterfeiting the appearance of its surroundings, which were not very different in color to the animal." - TEL]<o:p></o:p></i></span><br />
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<strong><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Strecker, J.K. and W.J. Williams. 1927. </span></strong><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Herpetological records from the vicinity of San Marcos, Texas, with distributional data on the amphibians and reptiles of the Edwards Plateau region and central Texas. <em>Contr. Baylor Univ. Mus.</em> 12:1-16.<br />
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<strong>Tihen, J.A. 1960. </strong>Notes on late Cenozoic hylid and leptodactylid frogs from Kansas, Oklahoma, and Texas.<em> Southwest. Nat</em>. 5(2): 66-70.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Tipton, B.L., Hibbitts, T.L., Hibbitts, T.J., Hibbitts, T.D. and T.J. LaDuc. 2012</span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">. <i>Texas Amphibians: A Field Guide. </i>University of Texas Press: Austin, 2012. Softcover. 325 pp. <br />
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<strong>Turner, F.B. 1960. </strong>Post metamorphic growth in anurans. <em>Am. Midl. Nat</em>. 64(2): 327-238.<br />
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<strong>Turner, F.B. 1962.</strong> The demography of frogs and toads. <em>Q. Rev. Biol</em>. 37(4): 303-314.<br />
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<b>Wallace, J. Eric. 2005. </b><i>Eleutherodactylus (=Syrrhophus) marnockii</i> (Cope, 1878a). Cliff Chirping Frog. <i>in</i> Lannoo, Michael (ed.), <i>Amphibian Declines: the conservation status of United States species</i>. Berkeley: Univ. of Cal. Press, pp. 496-499. </span><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">[Relies heavily upon <b>Jameson (1955)</b> for natural history information on this species. Notes that this frog receives no governmental protection at either the federal or state level. Speculates that the arrival of </span></i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">S. cystignathoides<i> in urban areas along the Balcones Escarpment may result in direct contact between the two species, possibly resulting in hybridization, competition, and the introduction of novel disease pathogens. Notes that investigation of the persistence of </i>S. marnockii<i> at <b>Jameson's (1955)</b> urban sites in the Austin area would be rewarding - indeed it seems remarkable that this has not been done, considering the number of state universities in the general area. - TEL]</i></span><strong><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></strong><br />
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<strong><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Wauer, R. 1980</span></strong><span style="font-size: 10pt;">. <em>Naturalist's Big Bend. An introduction to the trees and shrubs, wildflowers, cacti, mammals, birds, reptiles and amphibians, fish, and insects. </em>College Station: Texas A&M University Press.</span><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<strong><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Wright, A.H., and A.A. Wright. 1938. </span></strong><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Amphibians of Texas. <em>Proc. Trans. Tex. Acad. Sci.</em> 21(2): 5-44.<br />
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<strong>Wright, A.H., and A.A. Wright. 1949. </strong><em>Handbook of frogs and toads of the United States and Canada.</em> Ithaca, N.Y.: Comstock Publishing Co. </span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"> </span><em><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">[Perhaps the best (and wonderfully anecdotal) account of this species yet to be published, from notes made more than seventy years ago - TEL ]</span></em><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<strong><i><span style="color: teal; font-size: 10.0pt;">On-Line Resources</span></i></strong><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<strong><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"><a href="http://amphibiaweb.org/cgi-bin/amphib_query?query_src=aw_lists_genera_&table=amphib&where-genus=Eleutherodactylus&where-species=marnockii">AmphibiaWeb Species Account</a></span></strong><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"> </span><em><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">[Under </span></em><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">Eleutherodactylus<em>, provides a generally up to date summary of taxonomic and natural history references for this taxon -- TEL]</em></span><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<br />
<b><br /></b>
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"><a href="http://research.amnh.org/herpetology/amphibia/index.html">Frost, Darrel R. 2004</a></span></b><b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">. </span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 3.0 (22 August, 2004). Electronic Database. American Museum of Natural History, New York, USA.<b> </b></span><em><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">[Under </span></em><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">Eleutherodactylus<em>, provides synonomy, English names, distribution, contained taxa, incertae sedis, and comments -- TEL]</em></span><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span>Tom Lotthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00201548346973561680noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-212420547045451837.post-88536483467794839002016-01-16T17:31:00.000-06:002016-12-31T10:42:39.948-06:00Spotted Chirping Frog (Eleutherodactylus [Syrrhophus] guttilatus<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 14pt;">An
Annotated Bibliography of the <br />
Spotted Chirping Frog<br />
[<i>Eleutherodactylus (Syrrhophus)
guttilatus</i> (Cope)]</span></b><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 10pt;">Compiled by
Tom Lott [TEL] - Last updated: </span><!--[if supportFields]><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;color:black'><span style='mso-element:field-begin'></span><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>DATE \@ "d MMMM yyyy" <span
style='mso-element:field-separator'></span></span><![endif]--><span style="font-size: 10pt;">16 January
2016</span><!--[if supportFields]><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
color:black'><span style='mso-element:field-end'></span></span><![endif]--><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<i><span style="color: red; font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt;">[These
bibliographies and their annotations are an <b>on-going project</b>. I have
many comments on papers that I have not yet posted but I will attempt to attend
to this task as time allows. Comments proffered in the annotations are strictly
my own opinions and should be taken as such. If you wish to comment or supply additional
references that I have overlooked, you may contact me via E-mail. To correspond
with me, I can be reached at: <b>tomlott[at]thornscrub[dot]com</b>
Thanks for reading, Tom Lott]</span></i><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: 8pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<i><span style="color: red; font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt;"><br /></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Anon. 1978. </span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Species listings for nongame regulations. <i>Tex.
Parks Wildl. Dept. Broch</i>. 9000-52: 1-22. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Ashton, R.E. 1976</span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">. Endangered and threatened amphibians and
reptiles in the United States. <i>Soc. Stud. Amphib. Rept.; Herp Circular</i>
(5): 1-65.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Axtell, R. W. 1959b</span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">. Amphibians and reptiles of the Black Gap
Wildlife Management Area, Brewster County, Texas. <i>Southwest. Nat</i>. 4(2): 88-109</span><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">. ["The cliff frog was not taken by the
group {14 graduate students in geology and zoology present for five weeks in
June and July of 1951, during the 1950-1956 drought}, but their calls were
frequently heard in the limestone cliff habitat. Several attempts to collect these small
leptodactylids at night failed." Considering that a portion of Black Gap
contains extensive limestone outcrops, these heard frogs may have been </span></i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">S. marnockii<i> - TEL]<o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
<strong><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span></strong>
<strong><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Bartlett, R.D. and P.P. Bartlett.
1999b. </span></strong><strong><i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">A Field Guide to Texas Reptiles and
Amphibians</span></i></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">. Gulf Publishing Company, Houston, Texas. </span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">. </span></strong><strong><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">[</span></strong><strong><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt; font-weight: normal;">As </span></i></strong><strong><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt; font-weight: normal;">Eleutherodactylus
(Syrrhophus) guttilatus<i>. Provides a typical field guide account,
complete with a vague range map, excellent color photos of both light and dark
individuals from unspecified localities, and a generally good description of
the species' characteristics. Published before the Davis Mountain populations
were definitely known to exist. Suggests
identifying specimens on the basis of range, which will not work if this
"species" contacts </i>marnockii <i>in
the vicinity of the Marathon Uplift. - TEL]</i></span></strong><strong><i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><o:p></o:p></span></i></strong><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Brown, B.C.
1950</span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">. <i>An annotated
check list of the reptiles and amphibians of Texas</i>. Waco, Tex.:Baylor Univ.
Studies. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"><br />
Bryson, R.W., Jr. and J.M. Mueller. 2002</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">.
New county records of amphibians and reptiles from Texas. <i>Herpetol.
Rev</i>. 33(3): 229. <i><span style="color: red;">[<b>Jeff Davis County
record</b> - Documents Hollister's 1990 specimens from the Davis Mountains, deposited
in Sul Ross Collection - TEL]<o:p></o:p></span></i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Conant, R.</span></b><b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"> 1975</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">. <i>A
field guide to the reptiles and amphibians: Eastern and central North America. </i>2<sup>nd</sup><i>
</i>edition. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">________. and J.T. Collins. 1991</span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">. <i>A field guide to reptiles and
amphibians of eastern-central North America</i>. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co.</span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">_______. and J.T. Collins. 1998</span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">. <i>A field guide to reptiles and
amphibians of eastern-central North America</i>, 3<sup>rd</sup> edition
(expanded). Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-family: "timesnewroman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-family: "timesnewroman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Contreras-Lozano,
J.A., Lazcano, D., Contreras-Balderas, A.J. and P.A. Laví n-Murcio. 2010</span></b><span style="font-family: "timesnewroman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">. Notes on Mexican
Herpetofauna 14: An Update to the Herpetofauna of Cerro El Potosí, Galeana,
Nuevo León, México. </span><i><span style="font-family: "timesnewroman,bold" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Bull. Chicago Herpetol. Soc.</span></i><span style="font-family: "timesnewroman,bold" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"> 45(3): 41-46<i><span style="color: red;">. [Deletes </span></i><span style="color: red;">E.
cystignathoides<i> from the fauna of this
locality (strictly defined) as was erroneously reported in a prior publication
(Anon. 2000). Documents the presence of </i>E.
guttilatus<i>, however - TEL]</i></span></span><i><span style="color: red; font-family: "timesnewroman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Dayton, G.H., Skiles, R. and L. Dayton.
2007. </span></b><i><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Frogs
and Toads of Big Bend National Park</span></i><span style="font-size: 10pt;">.
College Station: Texas A&M Press.
</span><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">[Follows Dixon (2000) in keeping
the genus </span></i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">Syrrhophus<i>, considering generic
placement to be currently unresolved and concedes that this form may be
conspecific with </i>S. marnockii<i>. States that the Big Bend population is
probably relictual and that the closest locality for this species outside the
park is Elephant Mountain, apparently unaware of the Christmas Mtns.
population, which has been fairly well - if unofficially - documented. Considers the frogs hard to find within the
Park and that they may be more widely distributed than is generally recognized.
- TEL]</i></span><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Degenhardt, W.G. and W.W. Milstead. 1959</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">. Notes on a second specimen of the snake <i>Tantilla cucullata</i> Minton. <i>Herpetologica</i>
15(3): 158-159. <i><span style="color: red;">[Notes only that this species (as "</span></i><span style="color: red;">S. marnocki<i>")
occurs sympatrically with </i>T. cucullata, Crotalus lepidus, Gerrhonotus
infernalis<i>, etc., in the Green Gulch area
of Big Bend National Park - TEL]<br />
</i></span><br />
</span><b><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Dixon, J.R. 1987</span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">. <i>Amphibians and reptiles of Texas</i>.
College Station: Texas A&M Press.</span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">________. 1993. </span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Supplement to the literature for the <i>Amphibians
and reptiles of Texas, 1987. Smithson. Herpetol. Info. Serv. </i> 94:1-43.</span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">________. 1996b. </span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Ten year supplement to Texas
herpetological county records published in <i>Amphibians and reptiles of Texas,
1987. Texas Herpetol. Soc. Spec. Publ</i>. (2):1-64.<i> </i></span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">________. 2000</span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">. <i>Amphibians and reptiles of Texas</i>.
(2<sup>nd</sup> edition). College Station: Texas A&M Press </span><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">[Includes 28 literature citations for this
species - from which most of these were initially drawn; declines to
follow Hedges' lumping of </span></i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">Syrrhophus<i> into a subgenus of </i>Eleutherodactylus<i> - TEL]<o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
<b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span></b>
<b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;">________. 2013.</span></b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;"> <i>Amphibians and reptiles of Texas</i>.
3rd Ed. W. L. Moody, Jr., Nat. Hist. Ser. 25. College Station: Texas A&M
University Press</span><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">. [As
</span></i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">Syrrhophus
(Elutherodactylus) guttilatus<i>. Contains 32 literature citations for this
subspecies in Texas. Provides a
distribution map including only four counties: Brewster, Presidio, Jeff Davis,
and Pecos. Continues a remark that calls
of this species have been reported from the east side of the Davis Mountains,
Jeff Davis County, even though that county is mapped in the current edition and
the citation for the record is listed (<b>Bryson
and Mueller 2002</b>). An excellent
color photo of a specimen from Presidio County is included. I have reviewed this book <b><a href="http://cascabel.typepad.com/cascabel/2013/06/book-review-amphibians-and-reptiles-of-texas-3rd-edition.html" target="_blank">HERE</a></b>. - TEL]<o:p></o:p></i></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Dodd, C. Kenneth. 2013</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">. <i>Frogs of the
United States and Canada</i>, 2-vol. set. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University
Press. Kindle Edition. <i><span style="color: red;">[States that much
information on this species is to be found under </span></i><span style="color: red;">S. marnockii<i>. Fails to include the fact that the species
has been documented from the Davis Mountains (<b>Bryson and Mueller 2002</b>), rather than just as calls heard (<b>Dixon 2000</b>). Cites <b>Gaige
(1931</b>) for information on natural history but cautions that Gaige may have
based some of her data on </i>E. marnockii<i>,
which was considered - and may well be - the same species at the time. Provides
a good summary of taxonomic history as well as photos of an adult and habitat
in the Chisos Mountains. - TEL]<o:p></o:p></i></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Edwards, R.J. G. Longley, R. Ross, J.
Ward, R. Matthews, and B. Stewart. 1989.</span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> A classification of Texas aquatic communities with special
consideration toward the conservation of endangered and threatened taxa. <i>Tex.
J. Sci.</i> 41(3): 231-240. </span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Garrett, J.M. and D.G. Barker. 1987</span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">. <i>A Field Guide to the Reptiles and
Amphibians of Texas</i>. Austin: Texas Monthly Press.</span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span></b>
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Gehlbach, F. R., K. A. Arnold, K.
Culbertson, D. J. Schmidly, C. Hubbs, and R. A. Thomas. 1975.</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"> TOES watch-list of endangered, threatened, and
peripheral vertebrates of <st1:state w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Texas</st1:place></st1:state>.
<st1:state w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on"><i>Tex.</i></st1:place></st1:state><i>
Org. Endang. Species Publ</i>. 1: 1-12. <o:p></o:p></span><br />
<b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><br /></span></b>
<b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Jameson, D.L. and A.G. Flury. 1949</span></b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">. Reptiles and
amphibians of the Sierra Vieja. <i>Tex. J. Sci</i>. 1(2): 54-79.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Jung, R.E., Bonine, K.E., Rosenshield,
M.L., DeLa Raza, A., Raimondo, S and S. Droege. 2002. </span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Evaluation of canoe surveys for anurans
along the Rio Grande in Big Bend National Park, Texas. <i>J.
Herpetol</i> 36:390-397.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Kluge, A.G. 1984. </span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Type-specimens of reptiles in the
University of Michigan Museum of Zoology.
<i>Misc. Pub. Univ. Mich. Mus. Zool.</i>
167:1-85.<br />
<br />
</span><b><span style="font-family: "timesnewroman,bold" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Lazcano, D., A. Kardon, R. J.
Muscher and J. A. Contreras-Lozano. 2011. </span></b><span style="font-family: "timesnewroman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Notes on
Mexican Herpetofauna 16: Captive Husbandry–Propagation of the Exiled Mexican
Garter Snake, </span><i><span style="font-family: "timesnewroman,italic" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Thamnophis exsul </span></i><span style="font-family: "timesnewroman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Rossman,
1969</span><span style="font-size: 10pt;">. <i>Bull.
Chi. Herpetol. Soc.</i>
46(2):13-14. </span><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">[Provides
a list of species sympatric with </span></i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">Thamnophis exsul<i> in Nuevo Leon, Mexico, including:
"</i></span><i><span style="color: red; font-family: "timesnewromanpsmt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Galeana false brook salamander, </span></i><span style="color: red; font-family: "timesnewromanpsmt,italic" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Pseudoeurycea galeanae</span><i><span style="color: red; font-family: "timesnewromanpsmt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">; primeval flatfooted salamander,
</span></i><span style="color: red; font-family: "timesnewromanpsmt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">C</span><span style="color: red; font-family: "timesnewromanpsmt,italic" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">hiropterotriton priscus</span><i><span style="color: red; font-family: "timesnewromanpsmt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">; <b>spotted chirping frog, </b></span></i><b><span style="color: red; font-family: "timesnewromanpsmt,italic" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Eleutherodactylus </span></b><b><span style="color: red; font-family: "timesnewromanpsmt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">(</span></b><b><span style="color: red; font-family: "timesnewromanpsmt,italic" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Syrrhophus</span></b><b><span style="color: red; font-family: "timesnewromanpsmt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">) </span></b><b><span style="color: red; font-family: "timesnewromanpsmt,italic" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">guttilatus</span></b><i><span style="color: red; font-family: "timesnewromanpsmt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">; graphic spiny lizard, </span></i><span style="color: red; font-family: "timesnewromanpsmt,italic" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Sceloporus grammicus</span><i><span style="color: red; font-family: "timesnewromanpsmt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">; minor lizard, </span></i><span style="color: red; font-family: "timesnewromanpsmt,italic" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Sceloporus minor</span><i><span style="color: red; font-family: "timesnewromanpsmt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">; blue-bellied lizard, </span></i><span style="color: red; font-family: "timesnewromanpsmt,italic" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Sceloporus parvus</span><i><span style="color: red; font-family: "timesnewromanpsmt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">; torquate lizard, </span></i><span style="color: red; font-family: "timesnewromanpsmt,italic" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Sceloporus torquatus</span><i><span style="color: red; font-family: "timesnewromanpsmt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">; northern alligator lizard, </span></i><span style="color: red; font-family: "timesnewromanpsmt,italic" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Barisia ciliaris</span><i><span style="color: red; font-family: "timesnewromanpsmt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">; mountain horned lizard, </span></i><span style="color: red; font-family: "timesnewromanpsmt,italic" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Phrynosoma orbiculare</span><i><span style="color: red; font-family: "timesnewromanpsmt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">; Nuevo León graceful brown snake, </span></i><span style="color: red; font-family: "timesnewromanpsmt,italic" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Rhadinaea montana</span><i><span style="color: red; font-family: "timesnewromanpsmt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">; Texas patch-nosed snake, </span></i><span style="color: red; font-family: "timesnewromanpsmt,italic" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Salvadora grahamiae lineata</span><i><span style="color: red; font-family: "timesnewromanpsmt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">; Mexican yellow-bellied brown snake, </span></i><span style="color: red; font-family: "timesnewromanpsmt,italic" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Storeria hidalgoensis</span><i><span style="color: red; font-family: "timesnewromanpsmt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">; Mexican highland garter snake, </span></i><span style="color: red; font-family: "timesnewromanpsmt,italic" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Thamnophis pulchrilatus</span><i><span style="color: red; font-family: "timesnewromanpsmt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">; Tamaulipan rock rattlesnake, </span></i><span style="color: red; font-family: "timesnewromanpsmt,italic" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Crotaluslepidus morulus</span><i><span style="color: red; font-family: "timesnewromanpsmt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">; Mexican black-tailed rattlesnake, </span></i><span style="color: red; font-family: "timesnewromanpsmt,italic" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">C. molossus nigrescens</span><i><span style="color: red; font-family: "timesnewromanpsmt" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">, and eastern twin-spotted rattlesnake, </span></i><span style="color: red; font-family: "timesnewromanpsmt,italic" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">C. pricei miquihuanus.<i>" - TEL] </i></span><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;"><br />
</span></i><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><br />
<b>Lynch, J.D. 1970.</b></span><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> A
taxonomic revision of the leptodactylid frog genus <i>Syrrhophus</i> Cope. <i>Univ.
Kans. Publ. Mus. Nat. Hist.</i> 20(1): 1-45. </span><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">[Revision of genus, assigning Trans-Pecos
frogs formerly in </span></i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">S. gaigae/S.
marnockii <i>into the Mexican species </i>S. guttilatus.<i> -- TEL]<br />
<br />
</i></span><b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">Marx, H. 1958</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">.
Catalogue of type specimens of reptiles and amphibians in the Chicago
Natural History Museum. <i>Fieldiana
Zool</i>. 36:411-496.</span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><br /></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">McCord, J.S., and M.E. Dorcas. 1989. </span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">New Texas herpetological distribution
records from the University of Texas at Arlington collection of vertebrates. <i>Herpetol.
Rev.</i> 20(4): 94-96. </span><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">[<b>Pecos
County record</b> - TEL]<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<strong><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span></strong>
<strong><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Milstead, W.W. 1960b</span></strong><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">. Relict Species of the Chihuahuan Desert. <em>Southwest.
Nat.</em> 5(2):75-88. </span><em><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">[Including what is now considered </span></em><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">S. guttilatus<em>, Milstead listed </em>S.
marnockii<em> as one of fourteen relict species of the Chihuahuan Desert.
"Collections in Big Bend National Park in 1957 and 1958 yielded several
additional specimens and indicated that the population is still quite
strong. It appears to have disappeared from the Stockton Plateau,
however." This last statement is puzzling and apparently based upon his
failure to see or hear them during his return visits to his Stockton Plateau
localities where they were formerly abundant at the surface (</em><strong>Milstead,
W.W. 1960a</strong><em>) -- TEL]</em></span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span></b>
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Minton,
S.A.</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"> </span><b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;">1959</span></b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;">.
Observations on amphibians and reptiles of the Big Bend region of
Texas. <i>Southwest. Nat</i>. 3: 28-<b> </b>54.
</span><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">["Not collected.
The published records are for springs and canyons above 5000 feet in the
Chisos Mountains (Schmidt and Smith as </span></i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">S. gaigae<i>). The prolonged drought in this region may have
accounted in part for our failure to find this frog." - TEL]<o:p></o:p></i></span><br />
<b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span></b>
<b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;">Owen, J. G. 1989. </span></b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;">Patterns of herpetofaunal species
richness: Relation to temperature, precipitation, and variance in elevation<i>.
J. Biogeogr</i>. 16: 141-50. <o:p></o:p></span><br />
<b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span></b>
<b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;">_________., and J. R.
Dixon. 1989. </span></b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;">An
ecogeographic analysis of the herpetofauna of Texas. <i>Southwest. Nat.</i>
34(2): 165-80.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;"> </span><b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Owen, Jacob D., Marshall, Thomas. L. and Drew R.
David. 2014</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">. Geographic distribution. <em>Eleutherodactylus
(=Syrrhophus) marnockii. Herpetol. Rev.</em> 45(4): 652. </span><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">[<b>Presidio County record</b>: Sierra Vieja
Mountains, Camp Holland. "</span></i><i><span style="color: red;"> </span></i><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">We recognize this specimen as </span></i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">E. marnockii<i> based on phenotypic similarity to individuals from the Edwards
Plateau, following <b>Milstead et al.
(1950. Texas J. Sci. 2:543–562</b>). This species had previously been heard
calling in canyons at this locality; however, collection attempts over the last
60 years have been unsuccessful (<b>Jameson
and Flury 1949, op cit.</b> and <b>T. J.
LaDuc, pers. comm</b>.). To the best of our knowledge, only two other voucher
specimens of this species have been collected in Presidio Co., both in 1968
from San Esteban Lake (19.3 km SE of Marfa, Texas; Texas Cooperative Wildlife
Collections [TCWC] 26056, 26057), ~74 km SW of Camp Holland. The next nearest
locality of this species is from two specimens collected in 1964 from Musquiz
Canyon, SE of Fort Davis (likely where it bisects the Arkansas and Puertacitas
Mountains; TCWC 81651, 81652) in southeastern Jeff Davis Co., ~88 km E of Camp
Holland. These four TCWC specimens are currently catalogued as </i>E.
guttilatus<i>." Unfortunately the authors fail to mention the
kind of rock substrate their specimens were found upon, since </i>S. guttilatus
<i>may merely represent a color phase of </i>S.
marnockii<i> found on igneous substrates
rather than limestone ones. - TEL]<br />
</i></span><b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"><br />
Peters, J.A. 1968</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">. Houston toad - <i>Bufo houstonensis</i> Sanders
(endangered). <i>In</i> Rare and Endangered Fish and Wildlife of the United States. USDI/BSFW Res. Publ. 34, sheet RA-10.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Raun, G.G.
and F.R. Gehlbach. 1972</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">. Amphibians and reptiles in Texas. <i>Dallas Mus. Nat. Hist. Bull</i>. 2:
1-61. <i><span style="color: red;">[As </span></i><span style="color: red;">Syrrhophus
guttilatus<i>: lists only 14 citations;
states that it is "Known only from Brewster and Presidio counties. Most of the literature lists this species as </i>S.
gaigeae<i> or </i>S. marnocki <i>(sic), and it may be synonymous with the
latter." - TEL]<o:p></o:p></i></span></span></div>
<b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span></b>
<b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;">Schmidt, K.P. 1953</span></b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;">. <i>A checklist of North
American amphibians and reptiles</i>. Chicago: Univ. of Chicago Press.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">_________.
and T.F. Smith. 1944</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">. Amphibians and reptiles of the Big Bend
region of Texas. <i>Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Zool. Ser.</i> 29:75-96<i><span style="color: red;">.
[Contains the type description of </span></i><span style="color: red;">"Syrrhophus
gaigae,"<i> spelled "</i>Syrrophus<i>" in this account. "</i></span></span><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">Closely allied to </span></i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">Syrrhopus marnockii<i>, from
which it is distinguished by smaller size, wider head, and vermiculate instead
of spotted dorsal pattern. . . . The new
form is admittedly distinguished from </i>marnockii<i> by<o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
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<i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">only trivial characters; it is
believed, however, that the differences noted characterize a well-isolated
population, separated by some 250 miles from the range of marnockii, and that
these differences indicate that a distinct form is in process of evolution. <br />
<br />
"1 Named for Mrs. Helen T. Gaige, in order to associate her name with the
herpetological exploration of the Chisos Mountains, in which she had a pioneer
part." - TEL]</span></i><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><br /></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Wallace,
J. Eric. 2005. </span></b><i><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Eleutherodactylus
(=Syrrhophus) guttilatus </span></i><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> (Cope, 1879). Spotted Chirping Frog. <i>in</i> Lannoo, Michael, ed., <i>Amphibian Declines: the conservation status
of United States species</i>. Berkeley:
Univ. of Cal. Press, pp. 495-496. <b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><br /></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Wright, A.H., and A.A. Wright. 1949. </span></b><i><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Handbook of frogs and toads of the United
States and Canada</span></i><span style="font-size: 10pt;">.
Ithaca, N.Y.: Comstock Publishing Co. </span><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">[Perhaps the best (and wonderfully
anecdotal) account of this (sub)genus yet published, from notes made more than
seventy years ago - TEL ]</span></i><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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Tom Lotthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00201548346973561680noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-212420547045451837.post-14934633832130186132016-01-16T12:24:00.001-06:002017-11-27T13:16:14.356-06:00Greenhouse Frog (Eleutherodactylus planirostris)<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">An Annotated Bibliography of the Greenhouse Frog (<i>Eleutherodactylus planirostris</i>) in the Western Gulf Coast Segment of its Distribution.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">by Tom Lott<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[last updated 27</span><span style="font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> Novembery 2017</span><span style="font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 115%;">]<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Boundy, J. 1998</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">. Distributional records for Louisiana amphibians. <i>Herpetol. Rev</i>. 29: 251-252 <i><span style="color: red;">[<b>St. Bernard and St. John the Baptist parish records</b> - TEL]<o:p></o:p></span></i></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Boundy, J. 2004</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">. Amphibian and reptile distribution records for Louisiana. <i>Herpetol. Rev</i>. 35: 194-196<i><span style="color: red;"> [<b>Lafayette Parish record</b> - TEL]<o:p></o:p></span></i></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Butterfield, B.P., W.E. Meshaka Jr. and C. Guyer. 1997. </span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Nonindigenous amphibians and reptiles. Pp. 123-138. <i>In </i>Simberloff, D., D.C. Schmitz and T.C. Brown (Eds.), <i>Strangers in Paradise: Impact and Management of Nonindigenous Species in Florida.</i> Island Press, Washington, D.C. <i><span style="color: red;">[Extralimital but documents that this species can survive in non-edificarian habitats in peninsular Florida, as opposed to observations of <b>Meshaka et al. (2009)</b> for the species in Louisiana. - TEL]<o:p></o:p></span></i></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Carey, S.D. 1982</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">. Geographic distribution. <i>Eleutherodactylus planirostris</i>. <i>Herpetological Review</i> 13: 130.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Cope, E.D. 1863</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">. On <i>Trachycephalus, Scaphiopus</i> and other American Batrachia. <i>Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Philadelphia</i> 15: 43-54.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Deckert, R.F. 1921</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">. Amphibian notes from Dade Co., Florida. <i>Copeia</i> 1921: 20-23.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Delis, P.R., H.R. Mushinsky, and E.D. McCoy. 1996</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">. Decline of some west-central Florida anuran populations in response to habitat degradation. <i>Biodiversity and Conservation</i> 5: 1579– 1595.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Dinsmore, A. 2004. </span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Geographic distribution: <i>Eleutherodactylus planirostris</i> (Greenhouse Frog). <i>Herpetol. Rev</i>. 35(4): 403. <i><span style="color: red;">[<b>Harrison County, MS record</b>; established, overwintering population at Gulfport, 5.42 km south of I-10, one block from a nursery where the species is also established. Author states that first MS specimen was USNM 318495, collected by Ron Altig at an unknown date in Starkville, 422 km to the north of the present locality (unpublished?) - TEL]<o:p></o:p></span></i></span></div>
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span></b> <b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Dixon, J.R., </span></b><b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;">Hibbitts, T.J., and M.R.J. Forstner. 2007</span></b><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 10.0pt;">. Texas herpetological literature and county records 2000 to 2006-07. <i>Publ. Tex. Herpetol. Soc</i>. 1(1):1-58. </span><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt;">[Provides a record from La Marque, on the mainland portion of Galveston County, Texas, apparently the first record from the state. - TEL]<o:p></o:p></span></i><br />
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<b><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Dixon, J.R. </span></b><b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">2013.</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> <i>Amphibians and reptiles of Texas</i>. 3rd Ed. W. L. Moody, Jr., Nat. Hist. Ser. 25. College Station: Texas A&M University Press<i><span style="color: red;">. [Includes only one literature reference for this species in Texas(<b>Dixon, Hibbitts, and Forstner 2007</b>), one locality (La Marque, mainland Galveston County), and a color photo of a specimen from Florida. I have reviewed this book <b><a href="http://cascabel.typepad.com/cascabel/2013/06/book-review-amphibians-and-reptiles-of-texas-3rd-edition.html">HERE</a></b>. - TEL] </span></i><b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Dodd, C.K. Jr. 1992.</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> Biological diversity of a temporary pond herpetofauna in north Florida sandhills. <i>Biodiversity and Conservation</i> 1: 125– 142.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Dodd, C. Kenneth 2013</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">. <i>Frogs of the United States and Canada</i>, 2-vol. set. Johns Hopkins University Press. Kindle Edition.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Dundee, H.A. 1994</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">. Geographic distribution: <i>Eleutherodactylus planirostris</i> (Greenhouse Frog). <i>Herpetol. Rev</i>. 25: 60. <i><span style="color: red;">[<b>Plaquemines Parish record</b> - TEL]</span></i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Dundee, H.A. and D.A. Rossman. 1989</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">. The <i>Amphibians and Reptiles of Louisiana</i>. Louisiana State University Press. 300 p. <i><span style="color: red;">[<b>Jefferson Parish record</b> - TEL]<o:p></o:p></span></i></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Duellman, W.E. and A. Schwartz. 1958</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">. Amphibians and reptiles of southern Florida. <i>Bulletin of the Florida State Museum, Biological Sciences</i> 3: 181-324. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Elbers, J.B. 2007</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">. Geographic distribution: <i>Eleutherodactylus planirostris</i> (Greenhouse Frog). <i>Herpetol. Rev</i>. 38: 474. </span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> <i><span style="color: red;">[<b>St. Tammany Parish record</b>; speculates that this taxon may compete with </span></i><span style="color: red;">Gastrophryne carolinensis<i> as the two have been found sympatrically, much as </i>E. cystignathoides<i> has been found with </i>G. olivacea<i> in Texas - TEL]</i></span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Enge, K.M. 1998a</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">. Herpetofaunal survey of an upland hardwood forest in Gadsden County, Florida. <i>Florida Scientist</i> 61: 141– 159.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Goin, C.B. 1947</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">. Studies on the life history of <i>Eleutherodactylus ricordii planirostris</i> (Cope) in Florida. <i>University of Florida Studies in Biological Science Series 4</i>: 1-66.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Irwin, K.J., L. Irwin, T.W. Taggart, J.T. Collins, and S.L. Collins. 2001</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">. An herpetofaunal survey of the Apalachicola barrier islands, Florida: the 2000– 2001 season. <i>Kansas Herpetological Society Newsletter</i> (123): 12– 15.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Jensen, J.B., C.D. Camp, W. Gibbons, and M.J. Elliott (eds.). 2008</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">. <i>Amphibians and Reptiles of Georgia</i>. University of Georgia Press, Athens.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Kraus, F. 2009.</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> <i>Alien Reptiles and Amphibians. A Scientific Compendium and Analysis</i>. Springer, Dordrecht, The Netherlands.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Kraus, F., E.W. Campbell, A. Allison, and T. Pratt. 1999</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">. <i>Eleutherodactylus</i> frog introductions to Hawaii. <i>Herpetological Review</i> 30: 21– 25.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Lamb, Jennifer Y. and Matthew W.H. Chatfield. 2014. </span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Geographic distribution: <i>Eleutherodactylus planirostris</i> (Greenhouse Frog). <i>Herpetol. Rev</i>. 45(3): 458. <i><span style="color: red;">[<b>Jackson County, MS record, </b>17 mi. E of nearest previous record (Gulfport); corroborates previous unvouchered, nonspecific USGS Nonindigenous Aquatic Species Database record - TEL]</span></i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Lazell, J.D., Jr. 1989</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">. <i>Wildlife of the Florida Keys: A Natural History</i>. Island Press, Covelo, California, USA. 254 pp. <i><span style="color: red;">[Speculates that </span></i><span style="color: red;">E. planirostris<i> may have arrived in Florida (especially the keys) naturally by wafting over from Cuba on floating debris. Also feels that this species has been in Florida since considerably before the generally accepted date of 1863 - TEL]<o:p></o:p></i></span></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Liner, E.A. 2007</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">. Geographic distribution: <i>Euhyas planirostris</i> (Greenhouse Frog). <i>Herpetol. Rev</i>. 38: 214. </span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> <i><span style="color: red;">[<b>Terrebonne Parish record</b> - TEL]</span></i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Mann, Debora L., Mann, Tom, Winstead, Nick, and Wenhua Lu. 2014</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">. Geographic distribution. <em>Eleutherodactylus planirostris. Herpetol. Rev.</em> 45(4): 652. <i><span style="color: red;">[<b>Hinds County, MS record</b>: Jackson. "</span></i></span><span class="A9"><i><span style="color: red; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Introduced species previously recorded in Mississippi from a greenhouse in Oktibbeha Co. (Starkville), about 180 km NE, and from Harrison Co. (Gulfport) (<b>Dinsmore 2004, </b></span></i></span><span class="A9"><b><i><span style="color: red; font-family: "utopia italic" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">op. cit</span></i></b></span><span class="A9"><i><span style="color: red; font-family: "utopia italic" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">.</span></i></span><span class="A9"><i><span style="color: red; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">), about 238 km SE. Recently also collected in Jackson Co. (<b>Ocean Springs, Jennifer Y. Lamb, pers. comm</b>.). The specimen captured 11 June was calling from a mound of vegetative debris in a steep, wooded ravine in the Belhaven residential neighborhood. A toe was clipped for DNA analysis. Approximately 5–6 individuals were calling concurrently nearby. One that subsequently escaped was photographed on the leaf of a shrub at the height of approximately 1 m. A brief survey for calling frogs was undertaken by car and on foot in the same neighborhood on the night of 14 June 2014. The species was heard at the collection site and at seven other sites within 1 km. MMNS 10475 was captured from the Belhaven site in the Fondren residential neighborhood when it escaped from a cat. Others were heard calling nearby; the species had previously been heard several blocks to the southwest. The presence of the frogs in multiple locations over a distance of at least 3 km suggests that the species is locally established in Jackson. To our knowledge this represents the most northerly and inland established population. The population apparently survived a cold Winter; the US National Weather Service recorded 62 days between October 2013 and April 2014 when the temperature reached 0ºC or lower in Jackson (National Weather Service, Jackson, MS Weather Forecast Office. http://www.srh. noaa.gov/jan/?n=climate_zone_jan_90_100_degs, updated 12 September2014, accessed 12 September2014). The means of introduction is not known; the Gulfport population is suspected to have arrived on nursery stock (<b>Dinsmore 2004, </b></span></i></span><span class="A9"><b><i><span style="color: red; font-family: "utopia italic" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">op. cit</span></i></b></span><span class="A9"><i><span style="color: red; font-family: "utopia italic" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">.)." - TEL]</span></i></span><b><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">McConnell, R., T. McConnell</span></b><b><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">, C. Guyer and D. Laurencio. 2015. </span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Geographic distribution ELEUTHERODACTUS PLANIROSTRIS (Greenhouse Frog)</span><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">. </span><i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Herpetol. Rev. </span></i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">46(4): 559<i>. <span style="color: red;">[<b>Mobile County, Alabama record</b>. - TEL]</span></i></span><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Meshaka, W.E., Jr. 2008</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">. The exotic amphibians and reptiles of the United States. <i>In</i> Graeter, G.J., Buhlmann, K.A., Walls, S.C., Peterson, C.R., Wilkinson, L.R. and J.W. Gibbons (Editors<i>). Inventory and Monitoring: Recommended Techniques for Reptiles and Amphibians, with application to the United States and Canada.</i> PARC Technical Report. Aiken, South Carolina. In press.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Meshaka, W.E., Jr. 2011</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">. A Runaway Train in the Making: The Exotic Amphibians, Reptiles, Turtles, and Crocodilians of Florida. Monograph 1. <i>Herpetological Conservation and Biology</i> 6:1-101. </span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Meshaka, W.E., Jr., B.P. Butterfield, and J.B. Hauge. 2004. </span></b><i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The Exotic Amphibians and Reptiles of Florida</span></i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">. Krieger, Melbourne, Florida. 166 pp.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Meshaka, W.E., Jr., Boundy, J. and A.A. Williams. 2009. </span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The dispersal of the Greenhouse Frog, <i>Eleutherodactylus planirostris</i> (Anura: Eleutherodactylidae), in Louisiana, with preliminary observations on several potential exotic colonizing species. <i>Journal of Kansas Herpetology</i> 32: 13-16. [</span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><a href="http://www.cnah.org/khs/khs_pubs/JKH_32.pdf" target="_blank">PDF</a></span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">] <i><span style="color: red;">[Observes that this species in Louisiana appears to be restricted to edificarian habitats (but see <b>Butterfield </b></span></i><b><span style="color: red;">et al<i>. 1997</i></span></b><i><span style="color: red;">) - TEL]</span></i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Meshaka, W.E., Jr. and J.N. Layne. 2005. </span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Habitat relationships and seasonal activity of the Greenhouse Frog (<i>Eleutherodactylus planirostris</i>) in southern Florida. <i>Florida Scientist</i> 68: 35-43. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Platt, S.G. and L.W. Fontenot. 1995</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">. Geographic distribution: <i>Eleutherodactylus planirostris</i> (Greenhouse Frog). <i>Herpetol. Rev</i>. 26: 207<i>. <span style="color: red;">[<b>East Baton Rouge Parish record</b> - TEL]<o:p></o:p></span></i></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Plotkin, M. and R. Atkinson. 1979</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">. Geographic distribution: <i>Eleutherodactylus planirostris</i> <i>planirostris</i> (Greenhouse Frog). <i>Herpetol. Rev</i>. 10: 59. <i><span style="color: red;">[<b>Orleans Parish record</b> - TEL]</span></i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Schwartz, A. and R.W. Henderson. 1991</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">. <i>Amphibians and Reptiles of the West Indies: Descriptions, Distributions, and Natural History. </i> University of Florida Press, Gainesville, Florida. 720 pp.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Surdick, J.A. Jr. 2005</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">. Amphibian and avian species composition of forested depressional wetlands and circumjacent habitat: the influence of land use type and intensity . Ph.D. diss., University of Florida, Gainesville.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Van Hyning, O.C. 1933</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">. Batrachia and reptilia of Alachua County, Florida. <i>Copeia</i> 1933: 3– 7.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Wallace, J. Eric. 2005. </span></b><i><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Eleutherodactylus planirostris</span></i><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"> (Cope, 1862). Greenhouse Frog. <i>in</i> Lannoo, Michael, ed., <i>Amphibian Declines: the conservation status of United States species</i>. Berkeley: Univ. of Cal. Press, pp. 499.500. <br />
</span><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[Most information on this frog comes from peninsular Florida populations; comparatively little is definitely known about the specifically western-Gulf Coast populations. Notes that <b>Butterfield </b></span></i><b><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">et al.<i> (1997)</i></span></b><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> documented the occurrence of these frogs in non-edificarian habitats, seemingly in contrast to what was observed by <b>Meshaka et al. (2009)</b> in Louisiana. - TEL]<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></i></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Williams, A.A. and M.L. Wygoda. 1997</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">. Geographic distribution: <i>Eleutherodactylus planirostris</i> (Greenhouse Frog). <i>Herpetol. Rev</i>. 28: 207. <i><span style="color: red;">[<b>Calcasieu Parish record</b> - TEL]</span></i><span style="color: red;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Winn, B., J.B. Jensen, and S. Johnson. 1999</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">. Geographic distribution. <i>Eleutherodactylus planirostris</i>. <i>Herpetological Review</i> 30: 49.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b>Parish records from Louisiana:<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Calcasieu<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">East Baton Rouge<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Jefferson<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Lafayette<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Orleans<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Plaquemines<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">St. Bernard<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">St. John the Baptist<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">St. Tammany<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Terrebonne<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b>County records from Mississippi<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Harrison<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Hinds<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Jackson<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b>County records from Texas<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Harris </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Galveston<o:p></o:p></span></div>
Tom Lotthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00201548346973561680noreply@blogger.com0